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1、PARTVCONSERVATIONANDCONTINUITYThispageintentionallyleftblank16Conservingthevernacularindevelopingcountries(1986)AsIexplainedinChapter14,withanOxford-basedprojectteamIconductedresearchintotheculturalimplicationsofhousinginseismicareas.GedizinKutahyaprovince,
2、Turkeyhasbeenthefocus¨ofthestudywhereanearthquakein1970destroyedorseriouslydamagedover300villages.Somevillagesescapedundamagedanditwaspossibletocomparethelocalvernacularbuildingsinthemwiththosethathadbeenaffectedbytheearthquake,andtostudythesuccessesandfail
3、uresofthegovernmentrehousingandresettlementprogrammes.Onthefirstfieldtriptotheregion,Isawmanyofthelarge,timber-framedhousesstandingintheirvillageswhichweresurroundedbythepasturesandforestsofthismountainousarea,anddrewsomeinitialconclusionsastotheirage.Inoti
4、cedthestoneoradobeblockinfillbetweenthetimberframingofmanyofthehousesandthelathandmuddaubbagdadiwallsofothers;regardedthecrumblingbalconies,thedust-cladtimberlintelsandthesaggingroofsofsomeofthebuildings;sawthebow-framedcartswithsolidwheels,lookinglikeancie
5、ntchariotsstandingbesidethegroundlevelbarns.FromthesecluesIdeducedthatthiswasanoldsocietyusingvenerabletechnologiesandthattheirhouseswere150,perhapseven200yearsold.Returningforamoredetailedsurveyawhilelater,Inoticedwithsomesurprisethatthetimberswerenotjoint
6、edwheretheywereexposedwherethemudplasterhadfallenoff,butwerejoinedwithmassivenails.Iwonderedwhetherthiswascustomary,oracruderepair,andjusthowlongthehouseshadbeenbuiltthisway.Itturnedoutthattherehadbeenanearlierearthquakein1942andthatthegovernmenthadsupplied
7、six-inchnailstofacilitateBUILTTOMEETNEEDSFigure16.1Partialcollapseintheearthquakeofanailedbagdadihouse,Gediz,Turkey.aspeedyrebuildingoperation.Nailshadbeenexpensiveandthiswasapracticalformofassistance.Butitmeant,iftheywereusedubiquitously,thatthehouseswerem
8、uchmorerecentthanIthought.Indeedtheywere:hardlyavillagewasmorethen80yearsoldand,inthevillagesthatwestudiedintensively,most,ifnotall,ofthehouseshadbeenbuiltwithintheprevious40years.Theconstructionoftheb
