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1、PARTIVCULTURES,DISASTERSANDDWELLINGSThispageintentionallyleftblank12Theculturalcontextofshelterprovision(1978)Oftheexamplesofdisastersdiscussedinconferencesitseemsthatthemajorityarequantifiablymassive:thefloodsinBangladeshorAustralia,theearthquakesinGuatemalaorPeru.Fortheindividualsandfamiliesins
2、maller-scaledisasters,thelossofrelativesorthedestructionofhomesisnolesstragicbecausestatisticsrevealthatthescaleofthecalamitiesthatstruckthemareoflessermagnitude.SoIwilluseasillustrationstwostatisticallyminorexamples,fromCappadociaandnorth-westSicily.InthestrangelandscapeofCappadociainCentralAnat
3、olia,thou-sandsofpeasantsliveindwellingscarvedoutoftufarockpinnacles,formedfromancientdepositsoflavadust.Onexposuretoair,thesoftrockhardenssothattheinteriorshavefirmwalls,whilethestonefromthecarvedvoidsmakesasecondarybuildingmaterial.Theinteriorsarenotcave-like,butfollowtherectilinearformsofanear
4、liertradition,soitisnotsurprisingtoseeextensions,madefromthequarriedtufablocks,ofrectangularplan.CentralAnatoliaisearthquake-proneandthetufapinnaclesareunstable.Whenstrongtremorsaffecttheareathepinnaclescancollapse,destroyingthedwellingsandcausinglossoflife.ThishappenedatCavusin,wherescoresofcarv
5、edhomesdisintegratedinanavalancheofrock.Asemicircularridgeoftufaremainsandnodoubtwillcollapse,somedayinthefuture.Butafterevacuation,theinhabitantsofCavusinreturnedtothescree-slopeandfromtherubbleoftheirformerhomeshavebuiltnewdwellings,directlyintheshadowofthestillunstableridge.Reliefagencieslostp
6、atiencewiththemandofficialsdeploredthe‘stupidity’ofthepeasants.Whyshouldtheywanttobuildthereagain,contrarytoallreason?GibellinaisasmalltowninthewesternpeninsulaofSicily.Itisoneofthetowns,amongthemMenfiandSantaMargheritaBelici,whichBUILTTOMEETNEEDSFigure12.1ThecurvingcliffabovethevillageofCavusin,
7、withearthquakeandlandsliprockdebrisnearAvilcarinthelandscapeoftufapinnacles.Cappadocia,Turkey.Figure12.2RuinsofthesmalltownofGibellina,followinganearthquake.North-westSicily.weredestroyedbyearthquakein1968.Acompacttown
