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1、本科毕业设计说明书题目：60kt/a氯碱厂四效蒸发器设计摘要氯碱工业是利用电解饱和食盐水溶液制取烧碱和氯气并副产氢气的生产过程。生产过程包括盐水精制、电解和产品精制等工序，而产品精制工序又包括碱液浓缩、氯气液化和氢气的处理，其中在碱液浓缩时，需要经过蒸发（一般采用三效或四效逆流强制循环蒸发器）。本设计为60kt/a氯碱厂Ⅳ效外加热强制循环蒸发器。该设备由加热室（管壳式换热器）、蒸发室、循环管和强制循环泵等组成。循环管在蒸发室外部，从蒸发室锥形底下来的料液，通过循环管和强制循环泵，不断送入加热室后，再进入蒸发室蒸发并进行气液分离。在设计过程中
2、，首先对加热室进行了强度设计计算、管板计算、膨胀节校核计算等。然后对蒸发室进行了强度设计计算。最后进行了塔体设计计算。采用Ⅳ效，增加了蒸汽利用率；采用外加热式，由于加热室与分离室分开，这样不仅便于清洗与更换，而且可以降低蒸发器的总高度；采用强制循环，利用外加动力（循环泵）使溶液沿一定方向作高速循环流动，而且循环速度的大小可通过调节泵的流量来控制，使得传热系数大，对于粘度较大或易结晶、结垢的物料，适应性较好。关键词：氯碱工业；蒸发器；换热器；强制循环；Ⅳ效AbstractChlor-alkaliindustryisasaturatedsalt
3、solutionbyelectrolysisofcausticsodaandchlorinePreparationandproductionofhydrogenby-product.Productionprocess,includingsaltrefining,electrolyticrefiningprocessesandproducts,andrefiningprocessesandproducts,includinglyeconcentration,chlorineandhydrogenliquefactionprocessing,w
4、hichinconcentratedalkalinesolution,theneedtogothroughevaporation(Generallyusethethree-wayorfour-effectcountercurrentforcedcirculationevaporator).Thisisdesignedto60kt/achlor-alkaliplantsoutsidefour-effectforcedcirculationevaporatorheating.Theequipmentconsistsofaheatingchamb
5、er(shellandtubeheatexchanger),evaporationchamberandthecirculationpipeforcedcirculationpumpsetc.Circulartubeintheevaporationchamberoutside,fromtheevaporationchambertotheliquidcone-shapedbottom,throughthecirculationpipeandforcedcirculationpumpcontinuouslyintotheheatingchambe
6、r,andthenevaporatingintotheevaporationchamberandthegas-liquidseparation.Inthedesignprocess,thefirstheatingchamberdesigncalculationsforthestrength,tubesheetcalculation,expansionjointcheckingcalculation.Thenthestrengthoftheevaporationchamberdesigncalculations.Finally,atowerd
7、esigncalculations.Useoffour-effectexternalheatingforcedcirculationevaporator,increasingtheutilizationofsteam,theheatingchamberandseparationchamberseparated,notonlyforeasycleaningandreplacement,andcanreducethetotalheightoftheevaporator,theevaporatorwhileusingexternalpower(c
8、irculationpump)Thesolutionforhighspeedalongthecircularflowofacertaindirection,andthecircu
