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1、personifythevanishingaristocracyoftheSouth,stillmaintainingablackservantandbeingruthlessbetrayedbyamoneymakingYankee.Sometimesapartofacharacter’sbodyoranattributemayconveysymbolicmeaning,forexample,abalefuleyeinEdgarAllanPoe’s“TheTell-TaleHeart.” 4.Symbolusedinworksoffictionisthesymbolicact Anothe
2、rkindofsymbolcommonlyemployedinworksoffictionisthesymbolicact:anactoragesturewithlargersignificancethanitsliteralmeaning.CaptainAhabinMelville’sMoby-Dickdeliberatelysnapshistobaccopipeandthrowsitawaybeforesettingoutinpursuitofthehugewhale,agesturesuggestingthatheisdeterminedtotakehisrevengeandwill
3、letnothingtodistracthimfromit.Anothertypicalsymbolicactistheburningofthebarnbytheboy’sfatherinFaulkner’s“BarnBurning”:itisanactofnomeredestroyingabarn,butanexpressionofhisprofoundspiteandhatredtowardsthatclassofpeoplewhohavedrivenhisfamilyoutofhisland.Hishatredextendstoanythinghedoesnotpossesshims
4、elfand,beyondthat,burningabarnreflectsthefather’smemoriesofthe“wasteandextravaganceofwar”andthe“elementoffirespoketosomedeepmainspring”inhisbeing. 5.Asymbolisatrope Inabroadliterarysense,asymbolisatropethatcombinesaliteralandsensuousqualitywithannecessaryorsuggestiveaspect.However,inliterarycritic
5、ismitisnecessarytodistinguishsymbolfromimage,metaphor,and,especially,allegory. Animage Animageisaliteralandconcreterepresentationofasensoryexperienceorofanobjectthat canbeknownbyoneormoreofthesenses.Itisthemeansbywhichexperienceinitsrichnessandemotionalcomplexityiscommunicated.(HolmanandHarmon,AHa
6、ndbooktoLiterature,1986)Imagesmaybeliteralorfigurative,aliteralimagebeingonethatinvolvesnonecessarychangeorextensionintheobviousmeaningofthewords.Proseworksareusuallyfullofthiskindofimage.Forexample,novelsandstoriesbyConardandHemingwayarenotedfortheevocativepoweroftheirliteralimages.Afigurativeima
7、geisonethatinvolvesa“turn”ontheliterarymeaningofthewords.Forexample,inthelines“Itisabeauteousevening,calmandfree;/Theholytimeisquietasanun,”thesecondlineishighlyfigurativewhilethefirstlineevokesaliteralimage.Weco
