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1、arefamiliartosomeextentwiththe village(andhencethearea)butnotthecharacters. Deixis BecauseDeixisisspeaker-relateditcaneasilybeusedtoindicateparticular,andchanging,viewpoint.InthefollowingexamplefromTheSecretAgent,weseeMrs.Verloc’sactionsfromMr.Verloc’s
2、viewpoint: Mr.Verlocheardthecreakyplankinthefloorandwascontent.Hewaited. Mrs.Verlocwascoming. Inadditiontotheperceptionandcognitionverbsheardandwaitedandtheindicationofhisinner mentalstate(wascontent)wecanseethatMrs.Verloc’smovementtowardsherhusbandis
3、viewed fromMr.Verloc’sposition(coming).ThefactthattheeventsareonlyseenfromMr.Verloc’s viewpointisstrategicallyimportantatthispointinthenovel.Hedoesnotrealizethathiswifeis abouttokillhim. Exercise:tounderstandthedifferencesbetweenpointsofview,studytheAe
4、sop’sfable. TheAntandtheGrasshopper Wearyineverylimb,theanttuggedoverthesnowapieceofcornhehadstoreduplastsummer.It wouldtastemightgoodatdinnertonight. Agrasshopper,coldandhungry,lookedon.Finallyhecouldbearitnolonger.“Please,friendant,mayIhaveabiteofcor
5、n?” “Whatwereyoudoingalllastsummer?”askedtheant.Helookedthegrasshopperupanddown.Heknewitskind. “Isangfromdawntilldark,”repliedthegrasshopper,happilyunawareofwhatwascomingnext. “Well,”saidtheant,hardlybotheringtoconcealhiscontempt,“sinceyousangallsummer
6、,youcandanceallwinter.” Hewhoidleswhenheisyoungwillhavenothingwhenheisold. QUESTIONS Inwhatpointofviewisthefablenarrated? Rewritethefablein third-person,selectiveomniscientpointofview. First-personpointofview(theantbeingthenarrator). First-personpointo
7、fview(thegrasshopperbeingthenarrator). Objectivepointofview. ChapterSixStyle WhatisStyle? “Properwordsinproperplaces,makesthetruedefinitionofastyle.”JonathanSwift’sremarksleadusgenerallytothinkingofmodesofexpressionofapieceoffictionasthemostcharacteris
8、ticoftheauthor’sstyle.Thusstylegenerallyreferstohowtheauthoruseslanguageinhis/herwork:totheauthor’sparticularwaysofmanagingwordsthatwecometorecognizeashabitualorcustomary.Adistinctivestylemarkstheworkofafinewriter:wecantellLatinexpressi
