the build-up of cooperative behavior among non-cooperative selfish agents

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1、JournalofEconomicBehavior&Organization67(2008)239252Thebuild-upofcooperativebehavioramongnon-cooperativeselfishagentsHassanBenchekroun∗,NgoVanLongDepartmentofEconomics,CIREQ,McGillUniversity,855RueSherbrookeOuest,Montr´eal,Queb´ec,CanadaH3A2T7Received31March2005;receivedinrevisedform9May2006;ac

2、cepted7August2006Availableonline1August2007AbstractWedevelopatheoreticalmodelinwhicheachindividualis,insomeultimatesense,motivatedbypurelyegoisticsatisfactionderivedfromthegoodsaccruingtohim,butthereisanimplicitsocialcontractsuchthateachperformsdutiesfortheothersinawaythatenhancesthesatisfacti

3、onofall.Weintroduceastatevariablethatactsasaproxyforsocialcapitaloftrustworthinessandthatwecallthestockofcooperation.Weshowthatnon-cooperativeagentsmightconditiontheiractiononthisstatevariable.Agentsbuild-upthesocietysstockofcooperationandgraduallyovercomethefreeridingprobleminagameofprivateco

4、ntributiontoapublicgood.Weassumethatthereareneitherpenaltiesinthesenseoftriggerstrategies,norguiltandthateachindividualisrational.©2007PublishedbyElsevierB.V.JELclassification:C73;H41;D60Keywords:Stockofcooperation;Trust;Behaviorrule;Publicgoods1.IntroductionAccordingtoArrow(1972,1974)theroleof

5、trustineconomicbehaviorcannotbeexaggerated.Hepointedoutthatvirtuallyeverycommercialtransactionhaswithinitselfanelementoftrust,certainlyanytransactionconductedoveraperiodoftime.Itcanbeplausiblyarguedthatmuchoftheeconomicbackwardnessintheworldcanbeexplainedbylackofmutualconfidence(1972,p357).Subs

6、equenttoArrowspioneeringwork,anumberofauthorshavedevelopedtheoretical,empirical,andexperimentalmodelstoaddresstheimportanceoftrustandreciprocityineconomiclife.Experimentalstudiesoftrustindicatethatcertainbehaviorisbasedontrustevenwhenallagentsfaceone-shotgames.Bergetal.(1995,p.123)reportedthef

7、ollowingexperiment.SubjectsinroomAdecidehowmuchoftheir$10show-upfeetosendtoananonymouscounterpartinroomB.SubjectswereinformedthateachdollarsentwouldtriplebythetimeitreachesroomB.SubjectsinroomBthendecidehowmuchofthetripledmoneytokeepand