best neighbor strategy to enforce cooperation among selfish nodes in wireless ad hoc network

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1、ComputerCommunications30(2007)3721–3735www.elsevier.com/locate/comcomBestneighborstrategytoenforcecooperationamongselfishnodesinwirelessadhocnetworkK.Komathy*,P.NarayanasamyDepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,AnnaUniversity,Chennai,IndiaReceived2February2007;receivedinrevisedform12July2007;ac

2、cepted28July2007Availableonline6August2007AbstractTrustamongnodesinaself-organizingnetworksuchasamobileadhocnetworkpresentsanumberofproblemsandparadoxes.Oneofthechallengingcharacteristicsofwirelessandmobileadhocnetworksconsistsinexploringwaystocopeupwithselfishbehaviorofneighborstowardsnetworkfunct

3、ionssuchasroutingandforwarding.Thispaperattemptstodealwithsuchmechanismsandasaresultitintroducesadistinctmodeltostudythebehaviorofselfishneighborsusingstrategic,non-cooperativegametheory.ManyresearchworkshaveusedTit-For-Tatstrategyforanalysiswhentheydeploygametheorytostimulatecooperation.Acompliant

4、andanadaptablestrategycalledBestNeighborStrategy[BNS]isproposedinthispaperforthepacketforwardinggameinawirelessadhocenvironment.Thebehaviorofnodesisprobedvaryingtheproportionofselfishnessandalsothesizeofthepopulationwhileforwardingthepackets.Theinvestigationshavebroughtoutthattheproposedcooperation

5、enforcementpolicyisscalable,isabletoconvergefasterandisrobustagainstselfishness.BNSachievesevolutionarystabilityevenundertheinvasionofselfishstrategyatdifferentproportions.Further,BNSprovestobeapureevolutionarystablestrategyasitevolvestodominatethepopulationfromwhatevertheinitialfrequencyitstartswith

6、andittotallyout-competesthemalignbehaviorshownbyselfishstrategy,whichmeansthatBNSisimmunetoinvaders.Theobserva-tionsandanalysishaveshownthattheadhocparadigmcanbemodeledsignificantlyusinganapproach,whichhasbeendevelopedforgametheory.Ó2007ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Strategicgametheory;Pris

7、oner’sDilemma;Cooperation;Selfishness;Evolutionarystablestrategy1.Introductionnetworkfunctioning,savingbatterylifeforitsowncom-munications.SeveralmechanismshavebeenproposedinInwirelessnetworkssuchasmobileadhocnetw