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1、TheAirlineIndustryAlessandroCentoTheAirlineIndustryChallengesinthe21stCenturyPhysica-VerlagASpringerCompanyAlessandroCentoKLMRoyalDutchAirlinesViaModigliani4520090Segrate(MI)Italyalessandro.cento@klm.comISBN:978-3-7908-2087-4e-ISBN:978-3-7908-2088-1DOI:10.1007
2、/978-3-7908-20881-ContributionstoEconomicsISSN1431-1933LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008932181©2009Physica-VerlagHeidelbergThisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,repr
3、inting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.DuplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissi
4、onforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromther
5、elevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.Coverdesign:WMXDesignPrintedonacid-freepaper987654321springer.com...aCristina,Ester,MarcoeLuca,lessenzadellamiavita...PrefaceThedebateonthefutureoftheaviationsectorandtheviabilityofitstraditional
6、businesspracticesisthecoreofthisbook.TheliberalizationoftheEUmarketinthe1990shasradicallymodifiedthecompetitiveenvironmentandthenatureofairlinecompetition.Furthermore,thenewmillenniumbeganwithterroristattacks,epidemics,tradeglobalization,andtheriseofoilprices,a
7、llofwhichcombinedtopushtheindustryintoa“perfectstorm”.Airlineindustryprofitabilityhasbeenanelusivegoalforseveraldecadesandtherecenteventshasonlyaccentuatedexistingweaknesses.Themainconcernofindus-tryobserversiswhethertheairlinebusinessmodel,successfulduringthe1
8、980sand1990s,isnowsustainableinamarketcrowdedbylow-costcarriers.Theairlinesthatwillrespondrapidlyanddeterminedlytoincreasepressuretorestructure,consoli-dateandsegmenttheindustrywil
