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1、阅读判断第九篇:WhatIsaDream? Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Some psychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others,however,thinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutaperso
2、n''smindandemotions. Beforemodemtimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway. TheAustrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud,wasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreams scientifically.Inhisfamousbook,Theint
3、erpretationofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreams areanexpressionsofaperson''swishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthe feelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallife. TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungwasonceastudentofFreud''s.Jung,however,hadadifferentideaaboutdr
4、eams.Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.Forexample,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylea
5、rnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves. Modem-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample, psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,believesthatdreams aretightlylinkedtoaperson''sdailylife,thoughts,andbehavior.Acriminal,forexample,might
6、 dreamaboutcrime. Dornhoffbelievesthatthereisaconnectionbetweendreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisamentalskillthatneedstimetodevelop. Hehasalsofoundalinkbetweendreamsandgender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredif
7、ferent.Forexample,thepeopleinmen''sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Thisisnottrueofwomen''sdreams.3Domhofffoundthisgenderdifferenceinthedreamsofpeoplefrom11culturesaroundtheworld,includingbothmodemandtraditionalones. Candreamshelpusunderstandourselves?Psycholo
8、gistscontinu