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1、土木工程外文翻译题目:高层建筑学院:兰州交通大学博文学院专业:土木工程班级:08级土木5班学号:20081258学生姓名:指导教师:完成日期:2012年3月11号一、外文原文:TallBuildingStructureTallbuildingshavefascinatedmankindfromthebeginningofcivilization,theirconstructionbeinginitiallyfordefenseandsubsequentlyforecclesiasticalpurpose
2、s.Thegrowthinmoderntallbuildingconstruction,however,whichbeganinthe1880s,hasbeenlargelyforcommercialandresidentialpurposes.Tallcommercialbuildingsareprimarilyaresponsetothedemandbybusinessactivitiestobeasclosetoeachother,andtothecitycenter,aspossible,the
3、rebyputtingintensepressureontheavailablelandspace.Also,becausetheyformdistinctivelandmarks,tallcommercialbuildingsarefrequentlydevelopedincitycentersasprestigesymbolsforcorporateorganizations.Further,thebusinessandtouristcommunity,withitsincreasingmobili
4、ty,hasfuelledaneedformore,frequentlyhigh-rise,citycenterhotelaccommodations.Therapidgrowthoftheurbanpopulationandtheconsequentpressureonlimitedspacehaveconsiderablyinfluencedcityresidentialdevelopment.Thehighcostofland,thedesiretoavoidacontinuousurbanspr
5、awl,andtheneedtopreserveimportantagriculturalproductionhaveallcontributedtodriveresidentialbuildingsupward.Ideally,intheearlystagesofplanningabuilding,theentiredesignteam,includingthearchitect,structuralengineer,andservicesengineer,shouldcollaboratetoagr
6、eeonaformofstructuretosatisfytheirrespectiverequirementsoffunction,safetyandserviceability,andservicing.Acompromisebetweenconflictingdemandswillbealmostinevitable.Inallbuttheverytalleststructures,however,thestructuralarrangementwillbesubservienttothearch
7、itecturalrequirementsofspacearrangementandaesthetics.Thetwoprimarytypesofverticalload-resistingelementsoftallbuildingsarecolumnsandwalls,thelatteractingeitherindependentlyasshearwallsorinassembliesasshearwallcores.Thebuildingfunctionwillleadnaturallytoth
8、eprovisionofwallstodivideandenclosespace,andofcorestocontainandconveyservicessuchaselevators.Columnswillbeprovided,inotherwiseunsupportedregions,totransmitgravityloadsand,insometypesofstructure,horizontalloadsalso.Theinevi