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1、Unit2Onwardsandupwards话题背景·素材拓展In1882ababygirlnamedHelen,caughtafeverthatwassofiercethatshenearlydied.Shesurvivedbutthefeverleftitsmark—shecouldnolongerseeorhear.Becauseshecouldnothearshealsofounditverydifficulttospeak.AttheageoffiveHelenbegantorealizeshewasd
2、ifferentfromotherpeople.Shenoticedthatherfamilydidnotusesignslikeshedidbuttalkedwiththeirmouths.Sometimesshestoodbetweentwopeopleandtouchedtheirlips.Shecouldnotunderstandwhattheysaidandshecouldnotmakeanymeaningfulsoundsherself.Shewantedtotalkbutnomatterhowshe
3、triedshecouldnotmakeherselfunderstood.Thismadehersoangrythatsheusedtohurlherselfaroundtheroom,kickingandscreaminginfrustration.So,justbeforeherseventhbirthday,thefamilyhiredaprivatetutorAnneSullivan.AnnewascarefultoteachHelenespeciallythosesubjectsinwhichshew
4、asinterested.AsaresultHelenbecamegentlerandshesoonlearnttoreadandwriteinBraille.Shealsolearnttoreadpeople’slipsbypressingherfingertipsagainstthemandfeelingthemovementandvibrations.ThismethodiscalledTadomaanditisaskillthatvery,veryfewpeoplemanagetoacquire.Shea
5、lsolearnttospeak,amajorachievementforsomeonewhocouldnothearatall.Helenprovedtobearemarkablescholar,graduatingwithhonorsfromRadcliffeCollegein1904.Shehadphenomenalpowersofconcentrationandmemory,aswellasadoggeddeterminationtosucceed.Shetouredthecountry,givingle
6、ctureafterlecture.Manybookswerewrittenaboutherandseveralplaysandfilmsweremadeaboutherlife.Afterherdeathin1968,anorganizationwassetupinhernametocombatblindnessinthedevelopingworld.Todaythatagency,HelenKellerInternational,isoneofthebiggestorganizationsworkingwi
7、thblindpeopleoverseas.1882年,一名叫海伦的女婴因发高烧差点丧命。她虽幸免于难,但发烧给她留下了痕迹——她再也看不见、听不见。因为听不见,她发现讲话也变得很困难。海伦五岁时开始意识到她与别人不同。她发现家里的其他人不用像她那样做手势而是用嘴交谈。有时她站在两人中间触摸他们的嘴唇。她不知道他们在说什么,而她自己不能发出任何带有含义的声音。她想讲话,可无论费多大的劲儿也无法使别人明白自己。这使她异常恼火以至于常常在屋子里乱跑乱撞,灰心地又踢又喊。于是,在她快到七岁生日时,家里便雇了一名家庭教师
8、,安妮·莎莉文。安妮悉心地教授海伦,特别是她感兴趣的东西。这样海伦变得温和了,而且很快学会了用布拉耶盲文朗读和写作。通过用指尖接触说话人的嘴唇去感受运动和振动,她也学会了触唇意识。这种方法被称作泰德马,是一种很少有人掌握的技能。她也学会了讲话,这对失聪的人来说是个巨大的成就。事实证明海伦是个出色的学者,1904年她以优异的成绩从拉德克利夫学院毕业。她有惊人的注意力和记忆力
