java练习册--类的继承.doc

java练习册--类的继承.doc

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1、练习册  ——JAVA篇 类的多态和继承(3)一、练习目标:1.方法的重载和覆盖。2.类的多态,继承.二、练习时间与作业要求:本次练习一共需要180分钟。翻译练习写在JAVA笔记本上,书面作业写在JAVA家庭作业本上。后面的书面作业不包括在这个时间范围内。三、翻译练习:将下面要求翻译的内容,写在记事本上(阴影部分不写出来,要求看懂)OrderofconstructorcallsAconstructorforthe baseclassis alwayscalledduringtheconstruct

2、ionprocessfor aderived class,chaining uptheinheritancehierarchy sothataconstructorforeverybase classiscalled.Thismakes sense because theconstructorhas aspecialjob:toseethattheobject is builtproperly. Aderivedclass has accesstoits ownmembersonly,andnot

3、to thoseof thebaseclass(whose membersaretypicallyprivate).Onlythebase-classconstructor has theproperknowledgeandaccesstoinitializeitsownelements. Therefore,it’sessential thatallconstructorsgetcalled, otherwisethe entire objectwouldn’tbeconstructed。 Th

4、at’s whythe compiler enforcesaconstructorcallforeveryportionofaderived class.Itwillsilentlycall thedefault constructor ifyou don’texplicitlycallabase—classconstructor inthe derived-class constructorbody.Ifthere isnodefaultconstructor,the compiler will

5、complain.(Inthecasewhereaclass hasnoconstructors, thecompilerwillautomaticallysynthesizeadefaultconstructor。)个人收集整理,勿做商业用途Theorderof theconstructorcallsis important.Whenyouinherit,youknowallaboutthe baseclassandcanaccessanypublicandprotectedmembersoft

6、hebase class.Thismeans thatyoumustbeabletoassume thatallthemembersofthebaseclassarevalidwhenyou'reinthederivedclass。Inanormalmethod,constructionhasalreadytakenplace,so all themembers ofallpartsoftheobjecthavebeen built。Insidetheconstructor,however,you

7、mustbeabletoassumethatall membersthat youuse havebeenbuilt.Theonlywaytoguaranteethisisfor thebase-class constructortobecalled first. Then whenyou'reinthederived—class constructor,allthemembers youcanaccessinthe baseclasshavebeeninitialized。Knowingthat

8、 all membersarevalidinsidetheconstructorisalsothe reason that,wheneverpossible, youshouldinitializeallmember objects(thatis, objectsplacedintheclass usingcomposition)attheirpointofdefinitionintheclass (e.g.,b,c,andlinthe precedingexample).Ifyo

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