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时间:2021-04-07
《托福阅读题型之插入句子题.pptx》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、插入句子题InsertTextQuestions在新托福阅读的考查中,每篇文章必会出现一类题,叫做"InsertTextQuestions",即插入句子题(简称插入题)。考试中,考生会遇到一句话,问该句插入文中哪里最合适。如下面例题:▇Theraisingoflivestockisamajoreconomicactivityinsemiaridlands,wheregrassesaregeneralthedominanttypeofnaturalvegetation.▇Theconsequencesofanexcessivenu
2、mberoflivestockgrazinginanareaarethereductionofthevegetationcoverandthetramplingandpulverizationofthesoil.▇Thisisusuallyfollowedbythedryingofthesoilandacceleratederosion.▇Lookatthefoursquares▇thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecanbeaddedtothepassage.Thiseconomicrel
3、ianceonlivestockincertainregionsmakeslargetractsoflandsusceptibletoovergrazing.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?按照ETS官方指南上的解析,这类题型重点考查英文句子间的逻辑语义关系,即英文中句子与句子是如何衔接在一起的。所以,只要掌握了英语句子间的衔接手法(cohesivedevices),这种问题便可迎刃而解。那么,英文句子有哪些衔接手法呢?主要分为以下四种。1.代词(Pronouns)具体包括人称代词、指示代词和关系代词等
4、(personal,demonstrative,relative,etc)。在上下句的关联中,代词是最为紧密的一类词。当作者再次谈及上句相关话题时,为了避免重复,遵循语言学的最简单化原理,作者会用代词指代该话题词。例如,Speakingaforeignlanguageisanenormousassetinthemodernworld.Thisiswhysomanyjuniorhighschoolsarenowofferinglanguageclasses。Today'steachersarefacedwithastarkchoi
5、ce.Theymustdecidewhethertoteachinawaythathelpsstudentpassstandardizedexamsorteachinawaythatactuallyhelpsstudentslearn。2.定冠词the+名词(specificarticles+nouns)名词所指对象第一次出现时,用不定冠词a连接,当后句再次提及该名词对象时,为了表示它和前一句名词是同一关系,会用定冠词the引出。例如,Awomaniswalkingintoourclassroom.Thewomanisourte
6、acher。3.重复话题词或同义近义改写(Repetition,synonym,orslightvariationofaword)上下句的衔接也可以通过重复话题词实现,或者是对该话题词进行相关改写。例如,Tofosterhealthyrelationshipsbetweenchildreninaclassroom,teachersshouldprovidetimeforgamesandfunactivities.Havinghealthyrelationshipswiththeirpeershelpschildrengainco
7、nfidenceusefulinotherpartsoftheirlives.(重复话题词)Beforechoosingapublicorprivateschoolfortheirchildren,parentsshouldtakeintoaccountthecost.Thepriceofaprivateschoolisusuallymuchhigherthanthatofapublicschool.(话题词同义改写)4.过渡性词和词组(Transitionalphrases/transitionaladverbs)上面讲到的三
8、种句间关系属于隐性关系。隐性关系通过上下句的语义关系体现。现在,我们要讲的是句子间的显性关系,即通过明显的逻辑连词或副词来体现句间关系。这些显性关系词包括以下类别。4.1时间关系then,next,later,finally,etc。4.2因果关系therefo
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