新托福阅读插入句子题题型详解

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1、华联留学www.udcedu.cn在新托福阅读的考查中，每篇文章必会出现一类题，叫做"inserttextquestions"，即插入句子题(简称插入题)。考试中，考生会遇到一句话，问该句插入文中哪里最合适。如下面例题：▇theraisingoflivestockisamajoreconomicactivityinsemiaridlands,wheregrassesaregeneralthedominanttypeofnaturalvegetation.▇theconsequencesofanexcessivenumberoflivestockgrazinginanareaar

2、ethereductionofthevegetationcoverandthetramplingandpulverizationofthesoil.▇thisisusuallyfollowedbythedryingofthesoilandacceleratederosion.▇lookatthefoursquares▇thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecanbeaddedtothepassage。thiseconomicrelianceonlivestockincertainregionsmakeslargetractsoflandsus

3、ceptibletoovergrazing。wherewouldthesentencebestfit?(选自officialguidep73)按照ets官方指南上的解析，这类题型重点考查英文句子间的逻辑语义关系，即英文中句子与句子是如何衔接在一起的。所以，只要掌握了英语句子间的衔接手法(cohesivedevices)，这种问题便可迎刃而解。那么，英文句子有哪些衔接手法呢？主要分为以下四种。1.代词(pronouns)具体包括人称代词、指示代词和关系代词等(personal,demonstrative,relative,etc)。在上下句的关联中，代词是最为紧密的一类词。当作者

4、再次谈及上句相关话题时，为了避免重复，遵循语言学的最简单化原理，作者会用代词指代该话题词。例如，speakingaforeignlanguageisanenormousassetinthemodernworld.thisiswhysomanyjuniorhighschoolsarenowofferinglanguageclasses。today'steachersarefacedwithastarkchoice.theymustdecidewhethertoteachinawaythathelpsstudentpassstandardizedexamsorteachinaway

5、thatactuallyhelpsstudentslearn。2.定冠词the+名词(specificarticles+nouns)名词所指对象第一次出现时，用不定冠词a连接，当后句再次提及该名词对象时，为了表示它和前一句名词是同一关系，会用定冠词the引出。例如，awomaniswalkingintoourclassroom.thewomanisourteacher。3.重复话题词或同义近义改写(repetition,synonym,orslightvariationofaword)上下句的衔接也可以通过重复话题词实现，或者是对该话题词进行相关改写。例如，tofosterhe

6、althyrelationshipsbetweenchildreninaclassroom,teachersshouldprovidetimeforgamesandfunactivities.havinghealthyrelationshipswiththeirpeershelpschildrengainconfidenceusefulinotherpartsoftheirlives.(重复话题词)beforechoosingapublicorprivateschoolfortheirchildren,parentsshouldtakeintoaccountthecost.th

7、epriceofaprivateschoolisusuallymuchhigherthanthatofapublicschool.(话题词同义改写)4.过渡性词和词组(transitionalphrases/transitionaladverbs)上面讲到的三种句间关系属于隐性关系。隐性关系通过上下句的语义关系体现。现在，我们要讲的是句子间的显性关系，即通过明显的逻辑连词或副词来体现句间关系。这些显性关系词包括以下类别。4.1时间关系then,next,later,finally,etc。4