机械专业外文翻译论文（英文翻译）.doc

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1、原文说明原文说明的内容是：文章阐述了电机的工作原理、发展过程、以及伺服电机的工作控制原理。并且举例说明了伺服电机所适用的场合。题名Servomotor’sElementsandApplications作者NEWMARKER来源佳工机电网HowDoesaMotorWork?Anelectricmotorconvertselectricityintomechanicalmotion.Electricmotorsareusedinhouseholdappliances,electricfans,remote-controlledtoys,andinthousandsofotherapplicatio

2、ns.Theelectricmotorgrewoutofoneoftheearliestdiscoveriesinelectricscience—Arago’srotations.In1824,FrancoisAragodiscoveredthatamagneticneedlesuspendedoveracopperdiskwouldrotatewhenthediscwasspun.Thenextyear,computerpioneerCharlesBabbageandastronomerJohnHerschelshowedthattheactioncouldbereversed:spinni

3、ngamorepowerfulmagnetabovethecopperdiskwouldspinthecopperdisc.Then,in1831,MichaelFaradayconductedexperimentsthathelpedexplainwhythistookplace.Whilethislaidthegroundworkfortheelectricmotor,itwasanotherhalfcenturybeforeelectricmotorsweredoingusefulwork.Overthenextfewdecadesmanyinventorsmadeimproveddev

4、icesforturningelectricityintomotion.OneofthesewasHippolytePixii’s1832improvementcalledthecommutator,whichswitchedtheflowofcurrentbetweentwoormoresetsofstationaryelectromagnetstokeepamotorcontinuouslyrotating.ThomasDavenportwasthefirsttobuildanelectricmotorlargeenoughtobeusedinindustry,andhewasalsoth

5、efirsttoseekapatentonamotor.Soonelectricmotorswerebeingusedforsuchthingsastransportation.Moritz-HermannDeJacobiusedanelectricmotoronaboatontheNevaRiver,andCharlesG.Pageusedonetobuildasmalllocomotive.Aftertheappearanceofcommercialelectricpowersystemsinthe1880s,largerelectricmotorswerepossible.Edisone

6、ncouragedtheuseofelectricmotorsinindustrialapplicationsanddesignedseveralnewelectricmotorsforthatpurpose.Animportantchangecameinthelater1880sand1890s,whenelectricpowercompaniesbeganconsideringtheswitchtoalternatingcurrent.Alternatingcurrentwasperfectforthedistributionofelectricpoweroverlongdistances

7、,anditworkedwellwiththeEdisonelectriclamp,butnopracticalACmotorexisteduntiltheworksofGalileoFerrarisinItalyandNikolaTeslaintheUnitedStates.Tesla’scontributionsarerememberedtodaymorethanFerraris’inpart