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1、（英语）高考英语总复习--阅读理解(社会文化)一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读理解TheBritishliveonasmallisland.Theyaresurroundedbythesea,soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.Afterthedevelopmentoflarge,ocean-goingsailingshipsinthefifteenthcentury,theseabecameevenmoreimportanttothec
2、ountry'sdevelopment.ShipssettingsailfromEnglanddeterminedtoextendBritain'sterritories,itswealthanditsknowledgeoftheworld.ShipsreturnedtoEnglandbringinggoods,peopleandnewideasfromforeignplaces.Bythenineteenthcentury,Britainhadthelargest,mostpowerfulnavyintheworld.Thegreatsailing
3、shipsweresomuchapartofBritishlifethattheyevenaffectedthelanguage.ManyEnglishexpressionsweusetodaywereoriginallynautical(航海的)terms,althoughmostpeoplenolongerrealizethis.Forexample,peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing"aboveboard".Thisexpressionwasoriginallyuse
4、dinsailingshiptimeswhensecretive,dishonestship'sbusinesswouldbecarriedoutbelowdecks(belowtheboards)outofpublicview.Ontheotherhand,honestbusinesswasalwaysconductedondeck(abovetheboards),intheopenwhereeveryonecouldseewhatwasgoingon."Pipedown!",meaning"Bequiet!",isanothercommonexp
5、ressionthathasnauticalorigins.Theship'sboatswain(水手长)wouldblowawhistle,orpipe,attheendofthedaytoindicate(表明)tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.MostnativeEnglishspeakershaveheardtheexpression"notenoughroomtoswingacat",butfewknowthatthe"cat"doesnotrefertoasmallfurryan
6、imalwithfourlegsandatail.The"cat"isactuallyashortformof"catofninetails"—awhipwithnine,knotted(打结的)tails.Aboatswainneededalotofspaceinordertoswingthewhipproperlywhenlashing(鞭打)apoorsailorunderhiscontrol!（1）TheBritishhavebeenstronglyinfluencedbytheseabecause________.A.theyoccupie
7、dmorelandaroundtheworldB.theygotmorewealthfromtheseaC.theyliveonanislandsurroundedbytheseaD.theyhadthelargestnavyever（2）Ifsomeoneisopenandaboveboard,itmeansheis________.A.secretiveB.honestC.cheerfulD.dishonest（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Sailorsneedtogoto
8、sleepwhentheyhearawhistle.B.Sailorswillbewhippedifthey
