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1、A.尺寸，形状缺陷铸造缺陷castingdefects尺寸超差impropershrinkageallowance尺寸不合格wrongsize模样错误excessrappingofpattern,deformedpattern,patternerror壁厚不均differentthickness铸型下垂moldsag错型moldshift,shift,miss-match,cross-joint舂移ramoff,ramaway塌型molddrop,dropoff,dropout,dropsticker上型下沉，沉芯sag(上型和型芯下垂导致壁厚减小）飞翅fins,jointflash翘曲war
2、page,buckling,warping,camber铸件变形warpedcasting挤箱pushup,cramp-off型裂brokenmold,cracked掉砂crushofmold,crush变形deformation,castingdistortion,warpedcastingB.缩孔（由凝固收缩引起)缩孔shrinkage,shrinkagedcavity内部缩孔internalshrinkage,dispersedshrinkage,blindshrinkage敞露缩孔openshrinkage,externalshrinkages,sinkmarks,depression
3、缩松porosity,shrinkageporosity,leakers,microshrinkage,disperdedshrinkage缩陷sinkmarks,draw,suck-in芯面缩孔coreshrinkage内角缩孔cornershrinkage,filletshrinkage出汗孔extrudedbead,exudation线状缩孔fissurelikeshrinkageC.气体缺陷（由气体引起的孔）气孔blowholes,gashole,blow针孔pinholes裂纹状缺陷，线状缺陷fissuredefectsD.裂纹裂纹crack缩裂shrinkagecrack季裂sea
4、soncracking,seasoncrack应力热裂hotcracking,hottearing,hottear淬火裂纹quenchcrack,quenchingcrack应力冷裂coldcracking,breakage,coldtearing,coldtear龟裂crack激冷层裂纹，白裂chillcrackE.夹杂物夹渣slaginclusion,slagblowholes砂眼sandinclusion,raisedsand,sandhole其他夹杂物theotherinclusion胀砂pushup,cramp-off,sandhole掉砂crush,crushofmold硬点har
5、dspot浮渣dross(浇注后在铸型内形成的缺陷，尤其是石墨、氧化物和硫化物的线状缺陷的总称，另外，浇注过程中被卷进去的缺陷成为夹渣和砂眼，两者的区别是形成原因不同）石墨浮渣graphitedross,carbondross氧化皮夹渣oxidedross,oxideinclusion,skins,seams硫化物熔渣sulfidedross沉淀物sludge夹渣物sandinclusion,oxideinclusion,skins,seams黑点，黑渣blackspots,lustrouscarbon涂料夹渣blacking,refractorycoatinginclusions光亮碳膜lu
6、strouscarbonfilms,kishtracksF.外观缺陷浇不足misrun,shortrun,coldlap,coldshut冷隔coldshut,coldlaps轻度冷隔seam两重皮plate皱皮surfacefold,gasrun,elephantskin,seams,scare,flowmarks漏箱run-out,runout,break-out,bleeder漏芯molddrop,stiker未浇满shortpours,shortrun,pouredshort气孔blowholes,blow飞翅fins，jointflash胀砂，气疱swell,blister芯撑未融合
7、chapletshut,insertcoldshut,unfusedchaplet热粘砂burnin热痕flowmarks内渗豆，冷豆，冷隔internalsweating,coldshot,shotiron外渗物sweating磷化物渗豆phosphidesweat铅渗豆leadsweat锡渗豆tinsweat掉砂rat,sticker（型砂的一部分附着在模样上而形成的表面缺陷）G.型芯缺陷砂芯
