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1、LostGeneration:LostGenerationisaliteratureschoolintheearlyofModernPeriodofAmericanLiteraturein1920s.ItreferstothegenerationaftertheWorldWarI,andE.Hemingwayisoneoftherepresentativesofit.TheLostGenerationstemsfromaremarkmadebyGertrudeSteintoHemingway,“Youareallalostgeneration.
2、”HemingwayuseditasanepigraphtoTheSunAlsoRise.TheLostGenerationadvocatedusingsimpleandcolloquialspeech,becausetheyfeltcheatedbythegovernmentwhichusedthefloridwordstopersuadetheyouthtojoin“thegloriouswar”underthesloganof“democracy”,howeveruntrue.Besides,theybrokedownthetraditi
3、onalplotstructureandwroteinanewmodernstyleabouttheirownexperiencesinWorldWarI.Transcendentalism:Americantranscendentalism,whosespokesmanisR.W.Emerson,isactuallyaschoolwhichabsorbedsomeideologicalconcernsofAmericanPuritanismandEuropeanromanticism.Itfocusesontherecognitioninma
4、nofthecapacityofknowingtruthintuitively,orofattainingknowledgetranscendingthereachofthesensesratherthanrationalism,whichcontributestobreakdownCalvinistdoctrinessuchasevilhumannatureanddeterminism.Transcendentalismlaysasolidfoundationforromanticliteratureinwhichnatureisennobl
5、ingandtheindividualisdivineandself-reliant.Freeverse:W.Whitmanopenedanewroadoffree-verseforminpoetryinthelateofRomanticPeriod.Thiskindofpoetryhadnoregularlinesandstanzas,noregularrhythmbutemployedthephrasesinsteadofthefootasaunitofrhythm.Besides,manykindsofrhetoricwereemploy
6、edinthiskindofpoetrysuchasrepetitionandparallelism.Thepurposewastodeliverpoetryfromtherestrictionsofformalmetricalpatternsandtorecreatethefreerhythmsofnaturalspeech.Workswritteninfree-verseformconcernedopenness,freedom,andindividualism.Freeversehasbeencharacteristicofthework
7、ofmanymodernAmericanpoets,includingEzraPoundandCarlSandburg.Blackvision:BlackvisionwasproposedbyN.HawthorneintheromanticperiodofAmericanliterature.Itisaboutsinandevilinhuman’ssoul.Thereisevilineveryhumanheart,whichmayremainlatent,perhaps,throughthewholelife;butcircumstancesm
8、ayrouseittoactivity.Itisbelievedthat“thewrongdoingofonegenerationlivesintot
