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1、FractureofnasalboneEtiologyTrafficaccidentPhysicalcombat.SportsinjuryNasalbone---Upperend:thick Lowerend:thinSymptoms&Signs：Pain,epistaxis,nasaldeformityordeviation,bruising.Diagnosis：X-rayinlateralview.Septalhematoma?——punctureTreatment：Hemostasia,cleaning&sutur
2、ingwound,restoringalignmentReductionofnasalboneBeforesofttissueedema5—7daysafterinjuryWalshanforcepsNasalpackingfor2-3dDealwithseptalhematoma&abscessSeptalhemotomadrainageasearlyaspossible.“L”incisiononseptum.Postoperativenasalpacking.Adequateantibiotics.Fracture
3、offrontalbonePathology：Oftencombinewithfractureofnaso-fronto-ethmoido-orbitalcomplex.FrontwallFront&backwallBasefracture(frontonasalfracture)Stringy,sunkenandsmashedfractureSymptoms&Signs：Epistaxis,edemaorsunkenfront.frontwallfracturefront&backwallfracture(sunken
4、fracture凹陷型)(smashedfracture粉碎型)Diagnosis：Frontalpalpation,X-ray,CTscansTreatment：Accordingtothesituation:1、stringyfracture2、sunkenfracture3、smashedfracture4、front&backwallfracture5、basefracture(frontonasalfracture):restorethefunctionoffrontalsinus.Principle：Tois
5、olatethecommunicationbetweenfrontalsinusandcranialcavity,topreventrhinogeniccomplications,tokeepthefrontalpartfromdeformation.Fractureofnaso-fronto-ethmoido-orbitalcomplexFractureofethmoidalbonePathology：Oftencombinewithfractureofnaso-fronto-ethmoido-orbitalcompl
6、ex.Symptoms&Signs：Edemaofeyelidornasalroot,increaseintheintercanthaldistance.sunkenfront，visiondisorder,Diagnosis：X-rayfilm,CTscanTreatment：Visiondisorder——depressionofopticcanalNosebleed——nasalpackorarterialligation(ligationofethmoidalartery)Cerebrospinalfluidrh
7、inorrhea(CSF)——surgicalreparationBlow-outfractureSymptoms&Sign：Swellingandbruisinginvolvingalleyelids,lidandinfraorbitalemphysema.diplopia，restrictedmovementoftheeyes；visiondisorder.击出性骨折(眶底暴折)Diagnosis：Clinicalmanifestation,X-ray,CTscansTreatment：Reductionafter7
8、—10dpost-wound.Operationapproach:viainfraorbit,viamaxillarysinusandexternalethmoidectomyBlow-infractureRelativelyrare.Symptoms&Sign：Protrudingeye,swellingeyeli
