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1、托福TPO21阅读word版下载三 AutobiographicalMemory Thinkbacktoyourchildhoodandtrytoidentifyyourearliestmemory.Howoldwereyou?Mostpeoplearenotabletorecountmemoriesforexperiencespriortotheageofthreeyears,aphenomenoncalledinfantileamnesia.Thequestionofwhyinfantileamnesiaoccurshasintrig
2、uedpsychologistsfordecades,especiallyinlightofampleevidencethatinfantsandyoungchildrencandisplayimpressivememorycapabilities.Manyfindthatunderstandingthegeneralnatureofautobiographicalmemory,thatis,memoryforeventsthathaveoccurredinone'sownlife,canprovidesomeimportantcluesto
3、thismystery.Betweenagesthreeandfour,childrenbegintogivefairlylengthyandcohesivedescriptionsofeventsintheirpast.Whatfactorsareresponsibleforthisdevelopmentalturningpoint? PerhapstheexplanationgoesbacktosomeideasraisedbyinfluentialSwisspsychologistJeanPiaget—namely,thatchild
4、renunderagetwoyearsrepresenteventsinaqualitativelydifferentformthanolderchildrendo.Accordingtothislineofthought,theverbalabilitiesthatblossominthetwoyearoldalloweventstobecodedinaformradicallydifferentfromtheaction-basedcodesoftheinfant.Verbalabilitiesofoneyearoldsare,infac
5、t,relatedtotheirmemoriesforeventsoneyearlater.Whenresearchershadoneyearoldsimitateanactionsequenceoneyearaftertheyfirstsawit,therewascorrelationbetweenthechildren'sverbalskillsatthetimetheyfirstsawtheeventandtheirsuccessonthelatermemorytask.However,evenchildrenwithlowverbal
6、skillsshowedevidenceofrememberingtheevent;thus,memoriesmaybefacilitatedbybutarenotdependentonthoseverbalskills. Anothersuggestionisthatbeforechildrencantalkaboutpasteventsintheirlives,theyneedtohaveareasonableunderstandingoftheselfasapsychologicalentity.Thedevelopmentofanu
7、nderstandingoftheselfbecomesevidentbetweenthefirstandsecondyearsoflifeandshowsrapidelaborationinsubsequentyears.Therealizationthatthephysicalselfhascontinuityintime,accordingtothishypothesis,laysthefoundationfortheemergenceofautobiographicalmemory. Athirdpossibilityisthatc
8、hildrenwillnotbeabletotelltheirown"lifestory"untiltheyunderstandsomethingabouttheg
