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1、骨科的基本技术骨科魏建军1ppt课件石膏固定技术牵引技术关节穿刺技术骨折手法复位技术2ppt课件石膏固定技术石膏绷带无水硫酸钙粉沫3ppt课件石膏固定的优缺点三点固定原理，固定确实，塑形方便，便于护理沉重，透气性差，影响摄片，关节僵硬4ppt课件用法：骨隆突部皮肤保护衬垫上肢：10-12层下肢：12-15层周径的2/35ppt课件常用石膏固定类型石膏托（plastersupport)石膏夹板(splint)石膏管型(cast)躯干石膏(trunkplaster)6ppt课件适应症1小夹板难于固定的骨折，脊柱骨折2开放性骨折清创缝合术后3病理性
2、骨折4某些骨关节术后：关节融合5畸形矫正术后：三关节融合6化脓性骨髓炎，关节炎，固定患肢，减轻疼痛，控制炎症7某些软组织损伤：肌腱，肌肉，血管，神经损伤7ppt课件注意事项1平整，切勿将石膏绷带扭转后包扎，防止皱折2塑型成型，符合肢体轮廓。下肢注意足弓塑形3手指及足趾露出，观察血液循环，感觉和活动能力。有剧痛，麻木及血运障碍及时松解，防止发生缺血性肌挛缩和肢体坏死4注意注明时间，及表明伤口位置和开窗5防止骨质疏松和肌萎缩，鼓励功能锻炼8ppt课件PlastersplintsSlightlywarm(notover24°C)waterandbu
3、cketStockinette(optional)Softcottonbandage/undersplintmaterial(e.g.,Webril®padding),availablein2-,3-,4-,and6-inchwidthsizesPlasterbandages,availablein2-,3-,4-,and6-inchwidthsizesElasticbandages(Ace)Adhesivetape9ppt课件ProcedureImportantconsiderationsbeforesplintingExaminethee
4、xtremityforevidenceofanopenfracture,whichwouldrequirecleaning,debridement,andspecialistevaluationbeforesplinting.Performadetailedneurovascularexaminationbeforesplinting.Performreductionifthefracturehassignificantdisplacementormisalignment.Obtainappropriateradiographicstudie
5、s10ppt课件GeneraltechniqueofapplyingplastersplintsApplystockinettetotheextremity(optional).Becarefultoavoidwrinkles.Measuretherequiredlengthofsplintingmaterial.Thenplaceanadditional3layersofWebril®ontothelayerthatwasusedtomeasurethelength.11ppt课件Placelayersofdryplasterbandage
6、sontotheWebril®.Ingeneral,upperextremitysplintsrequire8-10layersofplaster,whereaslowerextremitysplintswillrequire10-15layers.Soakthelayersofplasterbandagesinroomtemperaturewaterinbucket.Raisethelayersverticallyoverthebucket,firmlyholdingeachendoftherollinyourhands.Removeexc
7、esswater.Placethewetplasterontothecastpadding(Webril®),andsmooththesurface.12ppt课件Foldtheoverhangingedgesofcastpaddingovertheplasterandfoldanyexcesspaddingovertheendsofthesplint.Carefullyplacesplintinthedesiredlocation.Gentlymoldtheplasterusingthepalmsofyourhands(notfingert
8、ips).Rollanelasticbandageoverthesplint,fromdistaltoproximalwithanoverlapofapproxim
