英汉构词法的比较课件.ppt

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1、AcomparisonofwordformationbetweenEnglishandChinese2007级2班邓晶2009.11.5Generallyspeaking,associetydevelops,wordformationgainsitscomplexity.TherearebothdifferencesandsimilaritiesinwordformationbetweenEnglishandChinese.Hopefully,thecomparisonofthetwolanguagesinwordformationcanbehelpfultobili

2、nguallearners.SomewaysofwordformationinEnglishcannotbefoundinChineselanguage.Suchas:derivation,blending,backformationDerivationByaddingaffixestotheexistingwords,wecancreatenewwords.Forexample,Rich:Ifweaddaprefix‘en-’,itbecomesaverb‘enrich’Ifweaddasuffix‘-ness’,itbecomesanoun‘richness’Af

3、fixTheprefixesarethefollowing:A-/an-:abnormalDis-:dislikediscoveryIn-:instableindoorimpossibleimmoralMis-:misunderstandingmistrustMini-:mini-dogEx-:ex-husbandex-presidentMulti-:multipartymultinationalmultipleSuffixes:-tive/-ary/-ful/-able/-y/-ish/-lessarealltoformanadjective-ness/-tion/

4、-sion/-er/-encearetoformanounBlendingBlendingreferstotheprocessofcombiningpartsoftwowordstoformathirdwordwhichcontainssomeofthemeaningofeachother.ExamplesSmoke+fog=smogfruit+juice=fruiceMotor+hotel=motelModulator+demodulator=modemBreakfast+lunch=brunchCommunication+satellite=comsatHelic

5、opter+airport=heliportBackformationBackformationisthemakingofanewwordfromanolderwordwhichismistakenlyassumedtoitsderivative.Examples:OriginalwordNewwordbeggarbegeditoreditemotionemotelaserlaseinflectionInEnglish,inflectionisacommonwayofwordformationtoshowthegrammaticalfunctionofaword.Ge

6、neralrules-s/-esisaddedtoaverbwhenitisusedbehindathirdperson.-edtoaverbwhenitistoshowthepasttenseorpastparticiple.-stoanounwhenitistoindicatethepluralform.-er/-esttoanadjectivetomeanthecomparativeandthesuperlative.Whereas,theabovementionedformationscannotbefoundinChinese,despitetheargum

7、entthatinChinesewesometimesusethesamewordasaverbandanoun.Similarwordformation:Compounding,shortening,andconversioncompoundingCompoundingreferstoamethodoradeviceoflanguagetoformnewwordsbycombiningtogetheroldwords.BothinEnglishandChinese,compoundingiswidelyusedasawordformation.It