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1、四级语法讲析*动词的时态和语态某些动词的固定用法*动词不定式和动名词*分词(短语)作定语和状语*虚拟语气*倒装句主谓一致*从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)情态动词及省略句*强调与否定替代与倍数(标有符号*的为四级语法考试重点)主谓一致指导原则:1.语法一致原则(主、谓语在单、复数上的一致)2.意义一致原则(谓语取决于主语的单,复数意义)3.就近原则(谓语决定于最靠近它的词语n.的单,复数形式)语法一致原则:eg:Manygirlswanttobuy.Everygirlwantstobuy.意义一致原则
2、:1可单可复1.1集合名词:family,crew,people,staff,all,etc.用作整体,谓语用单数;用作个体,谓语用复数.Eg:Myfamilypoor.Myfamilykindlytoothers.1.2glasses,trousers,shorts(短裤),如果之前无单位词而单独使用,谓语动词用复数;否则用单数.Eg:Mytrousersblack.Onepairofscissors(剪刀)notenough.1.3thenumberof谓语用单数;anumberof谓语用复数.isar
3、eisare1.4关系分句中的主谓一致问题1)在“oneof+复数名词+关系分句”结构中,分句的谓语动词常用复数.Eg.I’moneofthosepeoplewhoveryhappynow.2)如果此结构前有“the”或“theonly”等限定词或强调词时,关系分句的谓语动词形式依one而定,用单数.Eg.Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhowillingtohelpthelittlegirl.1.5主语+asmushas/ratherthan/morethan/nolessthan,谓
4、语动词形式视主语本身单复数而定.(考点:通常该主语是单数第三人称,所以谓语用单数)Eg.Hisbrotherratherthanhisparentstoblame.Myhusband,,morethananyoneelseinthefamily,anxioustogothereagain.areisisis1.6主语+aswellas/inadditionto/with/alongwith/togetherwith/except,谓语动词形式随主语本身而定.(考点:通常主语是单数第三人称,所以谓语用单数)E
5、g.Thefather,aswellashisson,goingtotravel.2.单数2.1以-ics结尾的学科名称后,谓语用作单数.诸如:physics(物理学);mathematics(数学);mechanics(机械学);politics(政治学)等.2.2固定名词theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations等做主语,谓语动词用单数.is2.3Manya+单数名词,随后的谓语动词用单数;morethanone(语法一致原则),谓语动词用单数.Eg.Manyastudenttha
6、tmistakebefore.AhadmadeBhasbeenmadeChavemadeDhasmade2.4数量词(表距离,金额,重量,时间等复数名词),谓语动词用单数.Eg.Sixmonthstooshortatimeforme.Twentymilesalongwaytocover.2.5名词性分句做主语,(what,who,why,how,whether等引导的),谓语动词用单数.Eg.Whatcausedtheaccidentacompletemastery.2.6不定式和动名词做主语,谓语动词用单
7、数.Disisis就近原则3.1遇到or,nor,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…等,谓语动词采用“就近原则”.Eg.Eithermyfatherormybrotherscoming.Eithermybrothersormyfathercoming.3.2therebe的存在句型中,主谓一致采用“就近原则”Eg.Therethreeapplesandoneorangeonthedesk.Thereoneorangeandthreeapplesonthedesk
8、.isareareis二代词与动词一致(1)some与any作主语时,谓语动词要根据其自身所指的数而确定Idon’tthinkanyofmyfriendsbeenthere.Thereisn’tanybreadathome.(2)none作主语时,谓语多用单数Noneofhisfriendseverbeenabroad.havehas(3)many作主语时,谓语动词多用复数Manyofthebeggarsblin