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1、SummaryofchapteroneChapteronemainlytalksaboutlinguisticsandlanguage.Tobeginwith,linguisticsdoesnotrefertoanyparticularlanguage,butitisageneralideaoflanguage.Itisdefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Thestudyoflanguageswhichisoftencalledgenerallinguisticsinc
2、ludesphonetics,phonology,morphology,syntax,semantics,andpragmatics.Phoneticsreferstothestudyofsoundusedinlinguisticcommunication.Andphonologyreferstohowtoputthesoundstogetherandconveymeaningincommunication.Morphologyreferstohowtoarrangeandcombinethesoundsto
3、formwords.Syntaxreferstomakingthewordsforminunderstandablesentencesbyrules.Semanticsreferstostudythemeaningsthatwordsconvey.Pragmaticsreferstothecontextoflanguageuse.Thestudyoflanguageorgenerallinguisticsisnotisolatedfromhumansociety.Thatistosay,itisconnect
4、edwithotherbranchesofsocialstudies,suchassociolinguistics,psycholinguistics,andappliedlinguistics.Sociolinguisticsreferstostudyingallthesocialaspectsoflanguageanditsrelationwithsocietyform.Psycholinguisticsreferstothestudyoflanguagetopsychologyinlinguistics
5、.Appliedlinguisticsreferstousingthefindingsinlinguisticsstudiestosolvethepracticalproblems.Andnext,language,Ihavementionedabove,isdefinedofficiallyasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Andtherearesomeimportantpointsthatshouldbeemphasized
6、.Firstofall,languageisasystemandithasitsrulessuitedforitself.Second,languageisarbitrary.Differentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesamething,whichisarbitrary.Thirdthetermvocalisprimarymediumforallthelanguage.Inanaddition,wordsaresymbols.Theycontainobjects,ac
7、tions,ideasandsoon.Andthelastimportanttermishuman.Onlyhumancancommunicatewitheachotherbyusinglanguage.Furthermoretheanimals’soundisnotalanguageatall.Andtolearndesignfeaturesoflanguage,wecanbetterdistinguishbetweenhumanlanguageandthenatureoflanguage.Thefeatu
8、resincludearbitrariness,productivity,duality,displacementandculturaltransmission.Arbitrarinessmeansthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds.Productivitymeanstomakepossibleconstructionandinter