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1、此资料由网络收集而来,如有侵权请告知上传者立即删除。资料共分享,我们负责传递知识。个人责任与社会环境Theconceptofresponsibilityisanecessaryfiction.Althoughsocitiesmustholdtheirindividualsaccountablefortheirownactions,people’sbehaviorislargelydeterminedbyforcesnotoftheirownmaking.Inthetitlestatement,thespeakerholdsthecontentionthattheconceptof‘
2、individualresponsibility’isnoexistencebutafiction.Moreover,thespeakersaysthatthebehaviorsofhumanbeingsarefundamentallydeterminedbytheenvironmentwhichoutoftheircontrol.Admittedly,one’sactionsaredeeplyinfluencedbylaws,societies,schoolsandfamiliesandotherexteriorforces;individualresponsibilityexi
3、stsandfunctionsasasignificantroletorulepeople’sbehaviorsaswell.Ononehand,thehighestsocialanimalashumanbeingis,anyindividualhashisspecificroleinacertainsociety.Andthisspecificrolegivesonesocialidentityandindividualresponsibilitythrougheducationinschoolsandinfluenceofethicalandmoralstandards.Tho
4、ughsometimesonewouldfeelthatthecertainresponsibilityisobligationfromthesocietyandorganizationsratherthanhis‘individualresponsibility’atfirst,inmostcases,theaccountabilitywould3此资料由网络收集而来,如有侵权请告知上传者立即删除。资料共分享,我们负责传递知识。presumablybecomeone’sowneventuallyfollowedbythefinalidentificationofhisspecif
5、icsocialidentity,andthendirectone’sbehaviorswithouttheforcefromtheexteriorworld.Forexample,asoldierwouldthinkitishisdutytoobeytheruleswithoutanyhesitation;asurgeonwouldconsiderhealingthepatientsashisaccountability;andahistorianwouldfeelitishisresponsibilitytodiscoverwhatisbehindthehistoricalde
6、scriptions.Infact,differentcareersandrolesformdiverseindividualresponsibilities,whichresultinindividuals’voluntarybehaviors.Ontheotherhand,therearenotonlyspecificindividualresponsibilitiesindiverseareasbutalsosomefundamentalvaluesandaccountabilities,whichweallhumanbeingscherish.Fromthemomenton
7、ecanspeakorevenisborn,thesocietybeginstoinstillthemoralandethicalstandards,whichissocalledhumanityineveryone’smind.Theolderoneis,thedeeperinfluencethehumanitywouldbe.Whenoneisjustalittlechild,hewouldgodirectlytowhathelikeandclaimit.Then