Lecture 2 The Macroeconomic Data and Variables(宏观经济学(南开大学,龚刚).ppt

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1、Lecture2MacroeconomicDataandVariablesMacroeconomicsI.MacroeconomicVariablesGrossDomesticProduct,GDPDefinition：GDPisthetotalmarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedbyacountrywithinacertainperiod(aquarterorayear).I.MacroeconomicVariablesGrossDomesticProduct

2、,GDP(continued)TheimportanceThevariablereflectstheeconomicactivitylevelwithinacountry.Theso-calledeconomicgrowthisreferredtothegrowthinGDP.Theso-calledpercapitaGDPisoftenusedformeasuringthelivingstandardofacountry.Itisperhapsthemostimportantvariableinmacroecon

3、omics.I.MacroeconomicVariablesGrossDomesticProduct,GDP(continued)Here，theso-calledfinalproductisreferredtothoseproductsthatarenotusedasintermediateinput.Forexample,...Inaddition,weshallalsodistinguishnominalGDP(calculatedoncurrentprice)andrealGDP(calculatedonf

4、ixed,baseyear,price).I.MacroeconomicVariablesPriceandInflationInflationisanotherproblemthatwillbeconcernedinmacroeconomics.Higherinflationmaybringproblemtotheeconomy.Theinflationrateisameasureofthedegreeofinflationproblem.Itisreferredtothegrowthrateofpriceleve

5、l.I.MacroeconomicVariablesPriceandInflation(continued)Therearemainlythreestatisticindicestomeasurepricelevel:GDPdeflator;consumerpriceindex;producerpriceindex.I.MacroeconomicVariablesUnemploymentandUnemploymentRateTheunemploymentisanotherimportantproblemthatis

6、concernedinmacroeconomics.Unemploymentrateisthemeasureoftheextentofunemploymentproblem.Thisistheratioofunemploymenttototallaborforce.II.SomeStylizedFactors,EvidencefromDevelopedCountriesWhyImportant?Apropermacroeconomictheoryshouldbeabletoexpressthestylizedfa

7、ctorsasweobservedfromtheempiric.II.SomeStylizedFactors,EvidencefromDevelopedCountriesEconomicGrowthandBusinessCyclesAneconomyisgenerallyingrowthdespitethatsometimesGDPmightdecrease.TheaveragegrowthrateofGDPisabout3%incurrentdevelopedcountries.Economicgrowthof

8、tenappearstobeperiodicallycyclic.Thiscyclicpropertyisoftenreferredtobebusinesscycles.II.SomeStylizedFactors,EvidencefromDevelopedCountriesFigure1:ThegrowthrateinrealGDPinU.S.1961-