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时间:2020-05-14
《由英语单词后缀判定词性.docx》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、由英语单词后缀判定词性后缀是一种重要的构词法,通过后缀常常可以判断出一个词的词性。一个英语单词可以分为三个部分:前缀(prefix),词根(stem)及后缀(suffix)。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀,可以改变单词的意思。在语言学里,后缀,又称词尾,是一种后置于其他词素后的词缀。后缀-名词解释以英语为例:establish(动词)+-ment(后缀)—>establishment(名词):借由后缀-ment的使用,使原本的动词词素转为名词,为语言的衍生,是后缀的一种用途后缀-名词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ster,-eer,-e
2、r(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(personengagedinanoccupationoractivity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor 2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportantthings)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet 3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette2)假的
3、东西(imitation)例词:leatherette3)女性(female)例词:usherette 4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress 5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood 6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanshi
4、p 7.-ful意为:量(theamountwhichnouncontains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful 8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva-tion2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词:organization,foundation 9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pa
5、vement 10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal 11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage9 12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,change
6、ability 13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrineof,practiceof)例词:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism后缀-动词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ify意为:转为,变为(toturninto,tomakeorbecome)例词:beautify,diversify,simplify 2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(tomakeorbecome;tomakeinto)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitali
7、ze,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten3.-ate意为:增加,使……听写(giveoradd,makeorbecome)例词:originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate后缀-形容词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ful意为:充满,有(fullof;hav-ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful,hopeful,careful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful 2.-less意为:没有,无(w
8、ithou
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