英语国家概况期末复习资料.doc

《英语国家概况期末复习资料.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter1Geography,PeopleandLanguage1.Thefullname:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.ItismadeupofmanyislandscollectivelyknownastheBritishIsles.GreatBritainandIrelandaretwomainislandsoftheBritishIsles.2.TheRiverTh

2、ames(secondlongestandmostimportant),originatesinsouthwesternEngland-----NorthSea.3.Scotland(Edinburgh)importantriver:ClydeRiverkilts4.Wales(Cardiff).TheSevernRiveristhelongestriverofBritain------flowthroughwesternEngland.5.NorthernIreland(Belfast)LoughNeagh----thelargestla

3、keintheBritishIsles.6.Climate:temperate,withwarmsummers,coolwintersandplentifulprecipitation(降雨量)Threemajorfeatures:winterfog,rainyday,instability7.London---BuckinghamPalace,Guildhall(市政厅),St.Paul’sCathedral,TheTowerBridgeofLondon8.Themajoritypeopleoftepopulationisdescenda

4、ntsoftheAnglo-Saxons,aGermanicpeoplefromEurope.MostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredescendantsoftheCelticpeople,includingtheIrishpeople9.EnglishbelongstotheIndo-Europeanfamilyoflanguages.EnglishisintheGermanicgroup.10.Germanicgroup:EastGermanic,NorthGermanic,WestGermanic.Englis

5、hevolvedfromtheWestGermanicgroup.11.①OldEnglish:influencedbyOldNorsespokenbytheVikingsandwasrelatedtotheGermanandDutchlanguagesandendedwiththeNormanConquest,whenthelanguagewasinfluencebytheFrench-speakingNormans.MiddleEnglish:WilliamtheConquerorinvadedandconqueredandtheAng

6、lo-Saxons(NumerousFrenchwordscameintotheEnglishvocabulary)ModernEnglish(15century):WilliamCaxtonbroughtstandardizationtoEnglish,andspellingandgrammarbecamefixed.Thefirstdictionarypublishedin1604.SamuelJohnson:ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagewasinfluentialinastandardformofsp

7、elling.12.StandardEnglishisbasedonthespeechoftheupperclassofsoutheasternEngland.Itisalsocalled“theQueen’sEnglish”or“BBCEnglish”.Athirdofworld’spopulationuseEnglish.Chapter2HistoryRomanPeriod43-410ChristianitywasbroughttoBritainRomanRule1066-1381MagnaCarta;BlackDeathTransit

8、iontoModernAge1455-1688ThewarofRoses;EnglishRenaissanceRiseofBritainEmpire1688-1900Indust