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1、summinguptheplot.Athemeisusuallystatedingeneralwords.Anothertrysoundslikethis:“Solitarypeopleneedaorderlyplacewheretheycandrinkwithdignity.”Thatisalittlebetter.WehaveindicatedthatHemingway’sstoryismorethanmerelyaboutanoldmanandtwowaiters.Werememberthatattheendthestoryisentirelyconfine
2、dtotheolderwaiter’sthoughtsandperceptions.Howdoweunderstandhismediationon“nada,”nothingness,whichbearssomuchemphasis?Nogoodstatementofthethemeofthestorycanleaveitout.Thenwehavestillanothertry:“Solitarypeopleneedaplaceofrefugefromtheirterribleawarenessthattheirlife(orperhaps,humanlife)
3、isessentiallymeaningless.”Neitherthisnoranyotherstatementofthestory’sthemeisunarguablyappropriate,butthestatementatleasttouchesoneprimaryideathatHemingwayseemstobedrivingat.Afterweread“AClean,Well-LightedPlace,”wefeelthatthereissuchatheme,aunifyingvision,eventhoughwecannotreduceittoat
4、agandwemaystillvaryinouropinionabout,andstatementof,thetheme. Moralinferencesdrawnfrommoststories: Moralinferencesmaybedrawnfrommoststories,nodoubt,evenwhenanauthordoesnotintendhis/herstorytobereadthisway.In“AClean,Well-LightedPlace”,wefeelthatHemingwayisindirectlygivingusadviceforpro
5、perlyregardingandsympathizingthelonely,theuncertain,andtheold.Butobviouslythestorydoesnotsetforthalessonthatwearesupposedtoputintopractice.Wecansayforsurethat“AClean,Well-LightedPlace”containsseveralthemesandotherstatementscouldbemadetotakeinHemingway’sviewoflove,ofcommunicationbetwee
6、npeople,ofdignity.Greatstories,likegreatsymphonies,frequentlyhavemorethanonetheme. WhenwesaythatthetitleofPrideandPrejudiceconveysthethemeofthenovelorthatUncleTom’sCabinandTheGrapesofWrathtreatthethemesofslaveryandmigratorylaborrespectively,thisistousethemeinalargerandmoreabstractsens
7、ethanitisinourdiscussionofHemingway’s“AClean,Well-LightedPlace.”InthislargersenseitisrelativelyeasytosaythatMarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinn,Updike’sA&P,andFaulkner’sBarnBurningconcernthethemeof“initiationintomaturity.”Suchgeneraldescriptionsofthemecanbeuseful,especiallyifwewanttosortalarge
8、numbe
