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1、ThetermEnglishliteraturereferstoliteraturewrittenintheEnglishlanguage,includingliteraturecomposedinEnglishbywritersnotnecessarilyfromEngland;JosephConradwasPolish,RobertBurnswasScottish,JamesJoycewasIrish,DylanThomaswasWelsh,EdgarAllanPoewasAmerican,SalmanRushdieisIndia
2、n,V.S.NaipaulwasborninTrinidad,VladimirNabokovwasRussian.Inotherwords,EnglishliteratureisasdiverseasthevarietiesanddialectsofEnglishspokenaroundtheworld.Inacademia,thetermoftenlabelsdepartments日ndprogrammespractisingEnglishstudiesinsecondaryandtertiaryeducationalsystems
3、.DespitethevarietyofauthorsofEnglishliterature,theworksofWilliamShakespeareremainparamountthroughouttheEnglish-speakingworld・ThisarticleprimarilydealswithliteraturefromBritainwritteninEnglish.ForliteraturefromspecificEnglish-speakingregions,consuittheseealsosectionatthe
4、bottomofthepage.Contents[hide]1OldEnglish2Renaissanceliterature3EarlyModernperiod3.1ElizabethsnEra3.2Jacobeanliterature3.3CarolineandCromwellianliterature3.4Restorationliterature3.5Augustanliterature418thcentury5Romanticism6Victorianliterature7Modernism8Post-modernliter
5、ature9ViewsofEnglishliterature10Seealso11ExternallinksOldEnglishMainarticle:Anglo-SaxonliteratureThefirstworksinEnglish,writteninOldEnglish,appearedintheearlyMiddleAges(theoldestsurvivingtextisCaedmon'sHymn).TheoraltraditionwasverystronginearlyBritishcultureandmostliter
6、aryworkswerewrittentobeperformed・Epicpoemswerethusverypopularandmany,includingBeowulf,havesurvivedtothepresentdayintherichcorpusofAnglo-Saxonliteraturethatcloselyresembletoday'sNorwegianor,betteryet,Icelandic.MuchAnglo-Saxonverseintheextantmanuscriptsisprobablya"milder"
7、adaptationoftheearlierVikingandGermanwarpoemsfromthecontinent.WhensuchpoetrywasbroughttoEnglanditwasstillbeinghandeddownorallyfromonegenerationto日nother,andtheconstantpreseneeofalliterativeverse,orconsonantrhyme(today'snewspaperheadlinesandmarketingabundantlyusethistech
8、niquesuchasinBigisBetter)helpedtheAnglo-Saxonpeoplesrememberit.SuchrhymeisafeatureofGermanicIanguagesandisoppo