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ID:52990563
大小:7.34 MB
页数:22页
时间:2020-04-09
《国际物流管理课件.pptx》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Chapter2InternationalLogisticsInternationalLogisticsHistoricalDevelopmentLogistics&SupplyChainManagementElementsofInternationalLogisticsEconomicImportanceofLogisticsInternationalReverseLogisticsHistoricalDevelopmentTheearly“slow”daysThemovetowardspeedCustomersatisfactionAstrategicadvanta
2、geTheEarly“Slow”DaysThefirstinternationallogisticiansweretradersontheSilkRoad,awell-traveledtraderoute,inuseforover3,000years,stretchingfromEuropetoAsiaandpassingthroughtheMiddleEast.Earlymodernlogisticianswereconcernedprimarilywithensuringgoodsarrivedattheirdestinationingoodconditionand
3、atthelowestpossiblecost.FollowingWorldWarII,logisticsbegantoincorporatethetechniquesusedbythemilitary.Logisticsbegantorefertonotjustthemovementofgoodsbutalsotosales,theprocurementofsupplies,andthemanagementofsupplierandcustomerrelationships.TheMoveTowardSpeedTheintroductionofcontainers(o
4、r“boxes”)inthelate1950s,andtheireventualwidespreadadoption,madeshippingmuchmoreefficientaswellascheaperandfaster.Inthe1970s,newcompanies,likeFedExandDHL,introducedtime-definedairshippingservices,andgainedalargemarketshareindomesticshipments.Inthe1980s,internationalairshipmentsgrewascosts
5、camedownandthenumberofdestinationsincreased.Airtransportbecamecost-competitivewithoceantransportformanyproducts.TheEmphasisonCustomerSatisfactionTheveryhighinterestratesofthe1980sledcompaniestoreduceinventorylevels.Newinventorymanagementtechniqueswerecreatedtoreduceinventorycosts.Thosete
6、chniquesincluded:Just-in-time(JIT)MaterialsRequirementPlanning(MRP)ManufacturingResourcesPlanning(MRPII)DistributionResourcesPlanning(DRP)Sincethesetechniquesreliedonrapidandreliabledeliveries,logisticsfirmsprovidedreducedshippingtimesandtime-defineddeliveries.Just-In-TimeTechniquesJust-
7、in-timemanufacturingisaprocessthatplansforpartstoarriveontheassemblylinejustbeforetheyareneeded.Thegoalofthistechniqueistoreduceoreliminatetheneedforinventory.Itnowincludesthedeliveryofpartstotheassemblyplantjustbeforetheyareneeded,andthedeliveryoffinishedgoodsjustasthere
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