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1、广东商学院答题纸（格式二）课程西方财政学2011-2012学年第2学期成绩评阅人縊三评语:塔Nonexcludability・Thesetwocharacteristicsmustbothbepresentinsignificantdegreeforsomethingtoqualifyasapublicgood・ItcanbedividedintopublicbuiIdings,publicparks,recreationalfacilities,limitedaccesshighways,freemedicalcareandsoon.Itseems
2、thatpublicgoodsbringusalotofbenefitsandsomearereallyconvenientourlives・Forexample,PublicParkprovidesaplaceforpeopletorecreationandforyoungeroroldmantosportinthisplace・Thisplaceisgoodtopeople，shealthandmentalrelaxation.Freemedicalcaremakesthepeoplepaythemedicalexpenseslower・Itsa
3、vesalotofpeoplewhoarehavingnottheabilitytopaythemoney・PublicGoodsversus卩rivateGoodsGoodsandservicesinwhichoneperson?sconsumptionisnotdiminishedbysharingitwithanotherandwhereexclusionisdifficultorcostlyareclearpublicgoods・Ifaprivateproducerattemptstoproducesuchgoods,shewillfindt
4、hatshecannoteasilykeepnonpayerfromsharinginthatconsumption.Norisgoodeconomicreasontoexcludethem,sinceconsumptionisnoncompetitive・Goodsandserviceswithhighrivalryandexcludability,incontrast,lendthemselvesreadilytomarketproductionanddistribution・Consumersarereadilyidentifiedandcan
5、beexcludedfornonpayment,andconsumptioniscompetitive・However,althoughtherearealotofbenefitsaboutpublicgoods,manypeoplecannotenjoysuchbenefitsoritisdifferentthatpeoplehaveaccesstoservicesfrompeopletopeople,thedifferentwhichiseasytoperceiveinreallife・Suchasbuildingaparkorpublicfac
6、ilitieswillbenefitresidentsinthevicinity,however,therearemanypeoplefarfromtheparkdidnotenjoythepreferential,buttheypaythesametaxes・Itseemsunfairiftherichandthepoorpaythesometaxestoenjoythesamepub1icgoods・Second,publicgoodsarelowefficiencythanthemarketgoods・Efficiencyisthemajora
7、chievethatthemarkethastooffer・Themarketis,asageneralrule,verygoodatallocatingresourcestotheir“highestandbest"usesanddistributingoutputtothosewhodesireitthemost,asmeasuredbythepricespeoplearewi11topay.Thegovernment,however,isinefficient・Thetimetoconstructpublicgoodsdependsentire
8、lyontheadequacyoffunds,andsomegovernmentofficialstendt
