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1、FINALTREATMENTOPTIONS:NON-COMPENDIALandCOMPENDIALPURIFIEDWATER终处理选项：药典规定的纯化水和非药典规定的纯化水5FINALTREATMENTOPTIONS:NON-COMPENDIALANDCOMPENDIALPURIFIEDWATER终处理选项：药典规定的纯化水和非药典规定的纯化水5.1INTRODUCTION介绍Thischapterdiscussesthefinaltreatmenttechnologiesandbasicsystem
2、configurationsrelatedtothemanufacturingprocessofUSPPurifiedWaterandnon-compendialwater.该章讨论的是USP纯化水和非药典规定的水的制备过程相关的基本系统结构和终处理工艺。Varioussystemconfigurationsarepresented,andreflectasignificantshiftfromionexchangebasedsystemstomembranebasedsystems.Equipmen
3、tandsystemmaterials,surfacefinishandotherdesignfactorsarediscussedtopromotetheuseofGoodEngineeringPracticeforproperselectionofcomponents,piping,instrumentation,andcontrols.将介绍各种系统，并反应从离子交换基础系统到膜基础系统的有效转换。将·讨论设备和系统的材料、表面磨光和其他设计因素以促进《良好工程实务规范》中的正确选择组件、管线、
4、仪器操作和控制的应用。USPPurifiedWaterandnon-compendialwatercanbeproducedbyanalmostunlimitedcombinationofunitprocessesinvariousconfigurations.ThemostcommonpretreatmentandfinaltreatmenttechnologiesusedinpurifiedwaterproductionareshowninFigure5-1,Figure5-2,andTable5
5、-4attheendofthechapter.Thischapterdiscussesthefinaltreatmentunitprocessescurrentlyutilized,includingionexchange,reverseosmosis,electrodeionization,ultrafiltration,microfiltration,andultravioletlight.Thesetechnologiesaswellasdistillation(seeChapter6)areu
6、tilizedinthousandsofsystemsforthesuccessfulproductionofpurifiedandnon-compendialwater.在生产USP纯化水和非药典规定的水时，不同的加工单元之间的组合几乎是不受限制的。本章结尾处的图5-1、图5-2和图5-3显示了纯化水生产中最普通的预处理和终处理工艺。该章讨论了当前使用的终处理操作单元，包括：离子交换、反渗透、电法去离子、超滤、微滤和紫外光。成千上万的成功的生产纯化水和非药典规定的水的系统都使用了这些工艺以及蒸馏（见
7、第6章）。Ionexchangebasedsystemswerethedominantsystemsfordecadesinpurifiedwaterproductionandarestillsuccessfullyutilizedinfacilitiestoday.Thelastdecadehasseenthegrowthofreverseosmosismembranebasedsystemsincreasetothepointwhereover90%ofnewsystemsemployprimar
8、yreverseosmosis,withfinalpolishingbycontinuouselectrodeionization,ionexchange,orasecondreverseosmosisstage.Membranebasedsystemsusagehasincreasedduetochemicalconsumptionreduction,contaminantrejection(ionizedsolids,organics,colloid
