资源描述:
《动词短语及情态动词.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、动词、短语及情态动词(一)动词1.动词分类根据动词的词义及在句中所起的作用,可将动词分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。2.实义动词实义动词也叫行为动词,是有实在意义的动词,在句中能单独作谓语。实义动词又分为及物动词(能直接跟宾语的动词)和不及物动词(不能直接跟宾语的动词)。及物动词(vt.)后面需要跟宾语,意思才完整。不及物动词(vi.)不能直接跟宾语,但往往在其后加上介词后就可以跟宾语了。注意:很多动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。3.系动词系动词有一定的词义,但不完整,在句中不能单独作谓语,必须和其后面的表语一起构成谓语。常见的系动词有:(1)表状态、保持某种
2、状态的:be,keep,stay,remain等。Theirclassroomis/keeps/staysveryclean.(2)表感官的:look,seem,appear,sound,smell,taste,feel等。Themeatonthetablelooksverynice,butittastesterrible.(3)表变化的:become,get,turn,fall,come,go,grow等。Ihopethatallofyourdreamscancometrueoneday.Sheturnedoffthelightsandfellasleepverysoon.4
3、.助动词助动词无词义,也不能独立作谓语,用于帮助构成某种时态、语态、疑问句、否定句或加强语气等。常用的助动词有:be(am/is/are/was/were),do(do/does/did),have(have/has/had),will(will/would),shall(shall/should)等。HeiswatchingTVinthelivingroomnow.5.情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气或态度,有词义,但不完整,须跟其他动词(一般跟动词原形)一起构成谓语;它本身没有人称和数的变化;在其后加not即构成否定,将其提前即构成疑问。常见的情态动词有can,may,mu
4、st,need,should等。(1)can能够,会①表能力。HecanspeakJapaneseverywell.=HeisabletospeakJapaneseverywell.②表请求、许可。—CanIsitnexttoyou?—Ofcourse,youcan./Sorry,youcan't.注意:此处也可以用may/might/could,但might,could并不表示过去,只是语气更加委婉。—Couldyoutellmehowtogettothecinema?—Yes,Ican.(2)may表请求、许可,意为“也许,可能”。—MayIuseyourbike?—Yes
5、,youmay./No,youcan't/mustn't.注意:may的否定回答要用can't或mustn't,不能用maynot。(3)must表义务,意为“必须”。—MustIwashthemnow?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't(don'thaveto).注意:否定回答不能用mustn't(不允许,禁止),而要用needn't或don'thaveto(没必要)。(4)haveto表客观产生的必要性,意为“不得不”。We'reingradethreenow,andwehavetodolotsofhomework.①must表示主观意识到的必须,而ha
6、veto表示客观上要求、不得不。Wemuststudyhardsincewearestudents.(5)haveto与must的区别:I'msorryIhavetoleave.It'selevennow.②haveto有人称和时态的变化,而must没有。Hehadtowalkbackhomeyesterdaybecausehedidn'ttakeanymoneywithhim.(6)need表需要。—NeedIbuysomefoodfordinner?—Yes,youmust/haveto/No,youneedn't.注意:need只能在否定句、疑问句中作情态动词,此时其后须
7、跟其他动词。need用作实义动词时,具体用法是:needsb.(sth.)/todosth./doingsth.Ireallyneedyou/yourhelp.Ineedtodothehouseworkmyselfathome.Ithinkyourhairneedswashing.(7)should应该,相当于besupposedto。AsChinese,weshould(aresupposedto)tryourbesttomakeourcountrystrongerandmorebeaut