资源描述：
《微观经济学 英文讲义.pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、©2010PearsonEducationCanada©2010PearsonEducationCanadaYouarestudyingeconomicsatatimeofextraordinarychange.Yourlifewillbeshapedbythechallengesyoufaceandtheopportunitiesthatyoucreate.Buttofacethosechallengesandseizetheopportunitiestheypresent,youmustunderstand
2、thepowerfulforcesatplay.Theeconomicsthatyou’reabouttolearnwillbecomeyourmostreliableguide.©2010PearsonEducationCanadaDefinitionofEconomicsAlleconomicquestionsarisebecausewewantmorethanwecanget.Ourinabilitytosatisfyallourwantsiscalledscarcity.Becausewefacesca
3、rcity,wemustmakechoices.Thechoiceswemakedependontheincentivesweface.Anincentiveisarewardthatencouragesanactionorapenaltythatdiscouragesanaction.©2010PearsonEducationCanadaDefinitionofEconomicsEconomicsisthesocialsciencethatstudiesthechoicesthatindividuals,bu
4、sinesses,governments,andentiresocietiesmakeastheycopewithscarcityandtheincentivesthatinfluenceandreconcilethosechoices.Economicsdividesintomainparts:MicroeconomicsMacroeconomics©2010PearsonEducationCanadaDefinitionofEconomicsMicroeconomicsMicroeconomicsist
5、hestudyofchoicesthatindividualsandbusinessesmake,thewaythosechoicesinteractinmarkets,andtheinfluenceofgovernments.MacroeconomicsMacroeconomicsisthestudyoftheperformanceofthenationalandglobaleconomies.©2010PearsonEducationCanadaTwoBigEconomicQuestionsTwobigqu
6、estionssummarizethescopeofeconomics:Howdochoicesendupdeterminingwhat,how,andforwhomgoodsandservicesgetproduced?Whendochoicesmadeinthepursuitofself-interestalsopromotethesocialinterest?©2010PearsonEducationCanadaTwoBigEconomicQuestionsWhat,How,andForWhom?Go
7、odsandservicesaretheobjectsthatpeoplevalueandproducetosatisfyhumanwants.What?Agricultureaccountsforlessthan1percentoftotalCanadianproduction,manufacturedgoodsfor20percent,andservicesfor80percent.InChina,agricultureaccountsfor10percentoftotalproduction,manufa
8、cturedgoodsfor50percent,andservicesfor40percent.©2010PearsonEducationCanadaTwoBigEconomicQuestionsFigure1.1showsthetrendsinwhattheCanadianeconomyhasproducedoverthepast60years.Itshowsthedeclineof
