生命历程理论x.pdf

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1、ChildDevelopment,February1998,Volume69,Number1,Pages1-12TheLifeCourseasDevelopmentalTheoryGlenH.Elder,Jr.Thepioneeringlongitudinalstudiesofchilddevelopment(alllaunchedinthe1920sand1930s)wereextendedwellbeyondchildhood.Indeed,theyeventuallyfollowedthei

2、ryoungstudymembersuptothemiddleyearsandlaterlife.Indoingso,theygeneratedissuesthatcouldnotbeaddressedsatisfactorilybyavailabletheories.Theseincludetherecognitionthatindividuallivesareinfluencedbytheirever-changinghistoricalcontext,thatthestudyofhumanl

3、ivescallsfornewwaysofthinkingabouttheirpatternanddynamic,andthatconceptsofhumandevelopmentshouldapplytoprocessesacrossthelifespan.Lifecoursetheoryhasevolvedsincethe1960sthroughprogrammaticeffortstoaddresssuchissues.INTRODUCTIONIfirstencounteredthesest

4、udiesintheearly1960safterarrivingattheinstitute(nowcalledHumanDe-Acentralpremisetiestogetherthestudiespresentedvelopment)toworkwithJohnClausenonastudyofinthisarticle:thenotionthatchanginglivesalterdevel-careersusingdatafromtheOaklandGrowthStudy.opment

5、altrajectories.Iaddressthedevelopmentalrele-Thearchivalrecordsfromyeartoyearbroadenedmyvanceofthesesocialpathwaysinthelifecourse,be-visionoflivesandrevealedthedramaticinstabilityginningwithfindingsbasedonChildrenoftheGreatoffamiliesunderchangingeconom

6、icconditions,theDepression(Elder,1974)andtheirtheoreticalmeaningGreatDepression.Agoodmanystudymembersforlifecoursestudyanddevelopmentalistsingen-couldsaythattheywereonce“welloff”andtheneral.NextIturntothechallengeswehavepursued“quitepoor.”Lifehistorie

7、snotedfrequentchangesoverrecentdecadesandtheresponsesthathavefos-ofresidenceandjobs,suchastheywere.Achildinteredadvancesinlifecoursetheory.Iconcludewithaneconomicallydeprivedfamilywhoseemed“oldsomedevelopmentalimplicationsofsuccessivelifebeyondhistime

8、”recoveredhisyouthfulspiritwhentransitions,fromtheearlyyearstolaterlife.familyincomeimproved.Overall,theDepressionchildrenwhodidwellintheiradultyearsleftmanyEmpiricalOriginspuzzlesbehind.SucheventsfocusedmyattentiononwaysofDuringthelate1920san