美国文学现实主义与自然主义.ppt

《美国文学现实主义与自然主义.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、Review:AmericanromanticismLiteraryindependenceonthewaytomaturityReadp5-8Q1:what’sthedefinitionofrealism?Q2:InwhichkindofliteratureformdidAmericanrealismfirstappeared?Q3:summarizethemainfeaturesofHowells,MarkTwainandHenryJames?PartFourLiteratureofrealism&naturalism1.

2、GeneralSummaryoftheLiteraryHistoryofthePeriodThisperiodroughlycoversthetimebetweentheAmericanCivilWarandtheFirstWorldWar（thecivilwar:thenorthernindustryVSsouthernagriculture）AftertheCivilWar,theUnitedStateswitnessedrapidindustrializationandurbanizationandeconomicboo

3、m,aperiodMarkTwaincalled“theGildedAge”.Greekmyths5agesofhumanbeingspriortothepresentera,therewerefourotherprogressivelybetterones(1)“Goldenage”amythicalfirstperiodofmanwheneverythingwashappyandeasy；mankindwaspureandimmortal.(2)“Silver白银时代/Brass青铜时代/Ironage黑铁时代manki

4、ndgraduallyfallandgoworseThefirstageoftheworldTheGoldenAgeaperiodofpeace,harmony,stability,andprosperity.theGildedAge(P2):gototheextremes;anageofdeclineandprogress,ofpovertyandwealth,ofgloomandhope.Surface=prosperous,inside=socialcontradictionAlongsidewiththegreatac

5、hievement,“dark”sidewereexposed.hardtobuildademocraticcountry(equality/freedom)Theageofmaterialismandpragmatism(personalsuccess/wealth,mammonworshipVSFranklin’sAmericandreammorality/promotethesociety)Moralitydecline,faith(newEden)lost=disappointment2.Theliterarychar

6、acteristicsoftheAgeSuchnewsituationcallsfornewstyleofliterature.Oldway:Cooperauthorshouldpresentanidealizedportraitsoflife,andavoiddescribingsomethingmiserableNewmethod:Apowerfulimpulsetomirrortheunmitigated(harsh)realitiesoflife(HenryJames)InfluencedbysuchEuropeans

7、asZola，Flaubert，Balzac，andTolstoy，America’sauthorsestablishedaliteratureofrealism．(P6)Realismaliterarydoctrinethatcalledfor“realityandtruth”inthedepictionofordinarylife．hadoriginatedinFrance,popularin19thcentury(critical)realisminEngland:e.g.19thcenDickens(OliverTwi

8、st)Bronteexposethedarkside(conflicts/problem)ofsocietycriticize/satirizethegreedandhypocrisyoftherulingclasses(bourgeoisie)fromademocratic