英语国家概况.ppt

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1、Lecture3EnglandLearningfocusAbriefintroductiontoEnglandTheBeginningofBritainTheearlysettlersRomanConquestAnglo-SaxonConquestVikingRaidsNormanConquestEnglishRevolutionCivilWarTheRepublicanexperimentofCromwellRestorationGloriousRevolutionEnglandCharacteristicsofEnglandHighlyu

2、rbanizedPhysicallylargestwithlargestpopulationDominancein:size/culture/economy----takeEnglandforUKMountainsandRiversinEnglandPennines(奔宁山脉）:thebackbone（背脊骨）ofEnglandLakedistrict（湖区）LakeDistrictascenicspotinNorthWestEnglandApopularholidaydestinationbeingfamousforitslakes(the

3、15lakesradiatelikethespokesofawheelfromacentralhub)LakePoets:WilliamWordsworth,SamuelColeridge,etc.TheBeginningofEnglandTheEarlySettlers(…—55BC)RomanConquest(55BC—410AD)Anglo-SaxonConquest(410-871)VikingRaids(871-1042)NormanConquest(1066)TheEarlysettlers(…-55BC)8,000yearsag

4、oBritainbecameanislandNativesofBritain:Celts/BritonsCelts/Britons:apeopledominatedmuchofwesternEuropeandcentralEuropeSettledinBritishIslesabout700BCCelticcivilizationStonehenge(巨石柱）About5,000yearsagoThemostfamouspre-historicmonumentandtouristattractionRomanConquest(55BC—410

5、AD)InvasionTimeInvaders155BC—54BCRomanEmperor:JuliusCaesar243ADRomanEmperor:ClaudiusRomancivilizationThemonth“July”wasinventedbyJuliusCaesarhimselfTheDiaryJuliusCaesarwroteinEnglandmarkedthebeginningofthewrittenhistoryofEnglandAchievementinarchitecture:“AllroadsleadtoRome”-

6、---builttemples,towns,theatres,findbuildingandroads.Achievementinagriculture-----drainedthemarshes,clearawaytheforests,andtaughtCeltstocultivatetheirlandAchievementinpolitics----introducedasystemoforganizedgovernmentHadrian’sWall(哈德良长城）Anglo-SaxonConquest(410-871)Angles,Sax

7、onsandJutes(Germanicpeoples)invadedWarringperiodAngles:EastAnglia,Mecia,andNorthumbiaSaxons:Essex,SussexandWessexJutes:KentThename“England”wasgivenbyAngles.(Angles’land).Anglo-Saxons:theforefatheroftheEnglishAnglo-SaxonConquestmarkedthebeginningoftheOldEnglishKingArthurHeun

8、itedtheBritishHisfamous“roundtable”knights–amoredemocraticsystemHedrovetheSaxonsba