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1、非谓语动词在英语中,动词按其在句子中的作用,可分为:谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。一、什么叫做非谓语动词非谓语使用条件一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.二、非谓语动词的表现形式有:不定式(todo)现在分词(doing)过去分词(done)动名词(doing)三、非谓语动词的特征1、动词特征:A、时态:一般式完
2、成式todotohavedonedoinghavingdone进行式完成进行式tobedoingtohavebeendoingIthinkitwise_______(ask)himforadvice.Theyseem____________(finish)theirwork.__________(do)hishomework,hewentoutforplay.Hesentmeane-mail,______(hope)togetmoreadvice.toasktohavefinishedHavingdonehopingB、语态:主动语态被动语态todotobedonetohavedonet
3、ohavebeendonedoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneHeisasked________(send)toworkinthefactory.Heissaid_____________(send)toLondonalready.Thisistheproblem___________(discuss)atthemeetingnow._____________manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.tobesenttohavebeensentbeingdiscussedHavingbeentold注:非谓语动词的
4、否定结构是:not+非谓语动词Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilfoodaftertheoperation.Notknowingwhattodo,hephonedhimagain.Tonywasunhappyfornothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.主语表语宾语补语定语状语不定式++++++现在分词++++过去分词++++动名词++++组成介词短语四、非谓语动词充当的成分(一)不定式与动名词作主语不定式作主语多表示具体的某次动作,尤其是指将来的动作。动名词作主语多表示习惯性的、经常性的动作。_____withfireisdangerou
5、s.A.PlayingB.Toplay_____withfirewillbedangerous.A.ToplayB.PlayingAA(二)动名词与不定式作宾语在一个句子中,用不定式,还是用动名词作宾语,往往是由句子谓语动词的用法来决定的。非谓语动词作宾语有以下几种情况:A.以下动词常接不定式作宾语wish,ask,promise,pretend,fail,decide,learn,agree,manage,demand,plan,refuse,seem,expect,want,hope,arrange,attempt,choose,determine,happen,offer,prep
6、are,appear,afford,intend,desireB.以下动词常接动名词作宾语suggest,finish,enjoy,mind,avoid,miss,practise,excuse,consider,appreciate,imagine,escape,finish,keep,standlookforwardto,devote…to…,getdownto,be/getusedto,payattentionto,leadto,stickto,prefer…to…,bebusy1.like、love、hate、prefer等词后接不定式时,表示具体的某次动作,尤其是将来的动作;接
7、动名词时,表示习惯、经验、体会。Ipreferbeingalone.Iprefertostayathometoday.C.既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词2.remember、forget、regret等词后接不定式时,表示一未发生的动作;接动名词时,表示一已经发生了的动作。Iforgottellinghimthenews.Iforgottotellhimthenews.Idon’trememberhavingeverpromi