1994年考研英语一真题及详解.doc

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1、1994年考研英语真题阅读理解精读笔记Text 1  TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivateenterprise，marketorientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Private

2、businessmen，strivingtomakeprofits，producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive，operatingundercompetitivepressures，largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus，intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindiv

3、idualconsumers，coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes，thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.  Animportantfactorinamarketorientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichcon

4、sumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy，thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem，aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbysellerproducers.Iftheproductsisinshortsupplyrelativet

5、othedemand，thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If，ontheotherhand，producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost，thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbysellerproducers，whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobu

6、ytheproduct.Thus，priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.   Theimportantfactorinaprivateenterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty)，andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor，gaincontrolovernaturalresources，

7、andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy，theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights，includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual

8、.51.InLine7，Paragraph1，“thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes”means.   ［A］Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes   ［B］Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes   ［C］Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased   ［