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ID:51487586
大小:16.48 MB
页数:176页
时间:2020-03-24
《病理学——呼吸系统.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、呼吸系统疾病TheRespiratorySystem第四章快速气体交换RapidgasexchangeVentilationPerfusionDiffusion清洁空气肺的结构与功能MucosaSubmucosaCartilageMusclesBronchusBronchialepitheliumKulchitskycellsBronchialSubmucosalGlandsAlveoliTherespiratorymembrane病原体Pathogen空气contaminatedairexposure鼻
2、咽部菌群nasopharyngealfloraaspiration宿主防御功能下降Compromiseddefensemechanisms肺部疾病othercommonlungdisease免疫缺陷Immunodeficiency生活方式Lifestyle肺部感染PulmonaryInfections分类Classification根据解剖和影像学Anatomyandradiography根据病因Etiology根据在哪获得SettinginwhichtheyariseCommunity-AcquiredHospi
3、tal-acquired(nosocomial)一、细菌性肺炎大叶性肺炎(95%肺炎链球菌)小叶性肺炎军团菌性肺炎(肺炎+全身毒血症状)小叶性肺炎大叶性肺炎患者杨某,男,20岁,学生。酗酒后遭雨淋,于当天晚上突然起病,寒颤、高热、呼吸困难、胸痛,继而咳嗽,咳铁锈色痰,其家属急送当地医院就诊。听诊,左肺下叶有大量湿性啰音;触诊语颤增强;血常规:WBC:17X109/L;X线检查,左肺下叶有大片致密阴影。典型病例1入院经抗生素治疗,病情好转,各种症状逐渐消失;X线检查,左肺下叶的大片致密阴影缩小2/3面积。病人于入院后
4、第7天自感无症状出院。冬季征兵体检,X线检查左肺下叶有约3cmX2cm大小不规则阴影,周围边界不清,怀疑为“支气管肺癌”。在当地医院即做左肺下叶切除术。病理检查,肺部肿块肉眼为红褐色肉样,镜下为肉芽组织。大叶性肺炎大叶性肺炎大叶性肺炎Intheerabeforeantibiotics…充血水肿期Hyperemiaandedema红肝期Redhepatization灰肝期Grayhepatization溶解消散期Resolution(hopefully)Hyperemiaandedema,12-24hoursRedh
5、epatization2-3daysGrayhepatization,3-4days并发症complications肺脓肿,脓胸,脓气胸败血症,脓毒败血症,感染性休克肺肉质变小叶性肺炎小叶性肺炎FilledwithexudateAeratedlung小叶性肺炎小叶性肺炎并发症Complications心力衰竭、呼吸衰竭肺脓肿、脓胸、脓毒败血症支气管扩张OrganizationAbscessformationAbscessformationPurulentpleuritisHemorrhagicPneumoniaby
6、PseudomonasaeruginosaPseudomonaspneumoniaKlebsiellapneumonia二、病毒性肺炎/三、支原体性肺炎轻者为急性间质性肺炎,旧称不典型性肺炎atypical缺乏实变体征WBC轻度升高重者为急性呼吸窘迫症ARDS肺泡弥漫性损伤透明膜形成ViralpneumoniaAtypicalpneumoniaSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome(SARS)PneumoniaintheImmunocompromisedHost机会致病原opportunist
7、icagents常为多重感染bacteria(P.aeruginosa,Mycobacteriumspp.,L.pneumophila,andListeriamonocytogenes)viruses(cytomegalovirusandherpesvirus)fungi(P.jiroveci,Candidaspp.,Aspergillusspp.,andCryptococcusneoformans)CMVinfectionsinsituhybridizationSputumcytologyfromanAIDSpa
8、tient(Papanicolaou)(Giemsa)PneumocystisPneumonia(silverstain)PneumocystisPneumonia(silverstain)PneumocystisPneumoniaPneumocystiscariniiinbronchiallavagefromanAIDSpatient(Grocott‘ss
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