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1、High-speedrailinEuropeProblemsdownthelineFASTtrainsinEuropeended2014withaflourish.InDecemberEurostar,whichconnectsLondon,ParisandBrussels,startedsellingticketsforanew,year-roundservicetotheMediterranean,startingthisMay.Polandintroduceditsfirsthigh-speed
2、service,betweenWarsawandKrakow;SerbiasignedanagreementwithChinatobuildafastlinefromBelgradetoBudapest;andTurkeyinauguratedalinefromIstanbultoKonya,havingopenedonebetweenIstanbulandAnkarainJuly.High-speedrailiscontroversial,asthosenowtryingtointroduceitt
3、oAmericaknowtotheircost.Thisweek,asworkbeganonCalifornia’s“bullettrain”project,taxpayergroupscondemneditasamonstrouswasteofmoney.Indeed,high-speedtrainsusuallydependonpublicsubsidy,yettheirticketsareoftenunaffordableformanypotentialusers,sotheymaynotfil
4、lenoughseatstoavoidlosses.Thecounter-argumentisthatoverdistancesof300-800km,fasttrainsbetweenbigpopulationcentresarequickerandlesspollutingthanmostformsoftransport.NooneiskeeneronthemthantheEuropeanCommission.SupportedbyEUandnationalsubsidies,Europehasa
5、ddedmorethan6,000kmofhigh-speedtrack—onwhichtrainstravelatleastsomeofthetimeat250kph(155mph)ormore—tothe1,000kmorsoithadin1990.Muchmoreisunderconstructionorplanned(seechart).In2015anewlinefromLeipzigtoErfurtisduetoopen.AMilan-Bresciaservicemaybeginin201
6、6.By2017nofewerthanfournewFrenchlineswillcomeintoservice.TheEU,whichisitchingtospendmoreoninfrastructure,planstofinancea€4.5billion($5.3billion)fast-raillinkbetweenEstonia,Latvia,LithuaniaandPoland.Onafewrouteshigh-speedrailhasclawedmarketsharefromairli
7、nes:Eurostarnowclaimsmorethan75%ofthecombinedrail/airmarketonitsmainroutes;andParis-LyonandMadrid-Barcelonaarealsosuccessful.Often,however,fasttrainsjusttakebusinessfromslowones.Between2000and2011,ashigh-speedlinesopenedacrosstheEU,rail’soverallshareofp
8、assenger-kilometrestravelledwaslittlechanged,at6.4%in2011.Cars’sharehadbarelybudged,at72.5%.Busesandcoacheslostapercentagepoint,to8.2%,withairtravel(excludingflightstooutsidetheEU)gainingmorethanapoint,to8.9%.Somecountriesmayhave
