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1、thePassiveVoice被动语态语态的含义和种类:语态(voice)是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态(activevoice)和被动语态(passivevoice),主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如:被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:YesterdayIparkedmycaroutsidetheschool.Acarwasparkedoutsidetheschool.被动语态常由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。常用的时态有:1)一般现在时Wearegiven
2、alotofhomeworktodoeveryday.Iamaskedtocleanmyroomonceaweek.2)一般过去时Thethiefwastakentothepolicestation.Thebridgewasbuilt150yearsago.3)一般将来时Anewbuildingwillbebuiltheresoon.Thismatterwillbelookedintointhefuture.4)过去将来时Hesaidthatthebridgewouldbebuiltnextyear.Hekn
3、ewhewouldbepunishedforit.5)现在完成时Alltheticketshavebeensoldout.Thepartyhasbeenplannedsincethenewyear.6)过去完成时Hesaidthattheworkhadbeenfinished.Itwasthefirsttimehehadbeenbittenbyadog.7)现在进行时Theroadisbeingbuiltnow.Thequestionisbeingdiscussed.Thechildrenarebeingta
4、kencareofbytheiraunt.8)过去进行时Hesaidthatthemanwasbeingoperatedon.Wecouldn’tusetheoffice.Itwasbeingredecoratedthen.被动语态除常用的be加过去分词构成外,还可用“get+过去分词”结构。这种结构多用在口语中,后面一般不接by短语。Hundredsofpeoplegetkilledeveryyearbytrafficontheroads.Theboygothurtonhiswaytoschool.Zhon
5、gguancngotstartedinthe1980s.Thewindowwasbroken.(表状态)Thewindowgotbroken.(表动作)含有情态动词的被动语态:Thismustbedoneassoonaspossible.Thesestairsareverydangerous.Theyshouldberepaired.Thiscan’tbedoneinshorttime.Shemayhavebeensenttoworkelsewhere.Thedoormusthavebeenlockedbym
6、ywife.Thesecondpointneedn’tbediscussedtoday.主动表被动的若干情形:1。谓语动词用主动表被动的四种情形(1)某些连系动词主动表被动:look,sound,smell,taste,prove,feelThiskindofclothfeelssoft.Thatdoglooksdangerous.Myadviceprovedtobewrong.(2)当open,close,shut,lock,move等用做不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。他们通
7、常与can’t,won’t等连用。Thedoorwon’tshut.Suddenlythedooropened.(不强调谁开了门)(3)当read,write,wash,sell,clean,cook,burn,draw,cut,wear等词与well,easily,quickly等副词连用时,常用主动表被动。Theclothwasheswell.Thepoemreadssmoothly.Thebooksellswell.Thischeesedoesn’tcuteasily.It’stoosoft.Thiss
8、hirtwillwearverylong.Thefloordoesn’tcleaneasily.Thiskindofricecooksmorequicklythanthatkind.但是别的时候要看具体情况而定:Thisbooksellswell.Sofar,200bookshavebeensoldout.Thesentencewasreadclearlybyher.(4)某些表示开始和结束的动作(