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1、《专业英语》测试试题PassageIFundamentalsofAutomobileToday'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate，individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscanbegroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipment・EngineTheengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombu
2、stionengineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder・Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddiesel(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).Bothenginesarecalledheatengines;theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhi
3、chcausesthegasinsidethecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission.BodyAnautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeskbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyi
4、sdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.ChassisThechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartsofavehicle.Thechassisincludesthetransmission,suspension,steering,andbrakes
5、ystems.Theretransmissionsystemcomprisesclutch,gearbox,propellershaft,rearaxleanddifferentialandthedrivenroadwheel.Theaxleandwheelsareisolatedfromthechassisbyasuspensionsystem・Thebasicjobofthesuspensionsystemistoabsorbtheshockcausedbyirregularroadsurfacesthatwouldo
6、therwisebetransmittedtothevehicleanditsoccupants,thushelpingtokeepthevehicleonacontrolledandlevelcourse,regardlessofroadconditions.Thesteeringsystem,underthecontrolofthedriveratthesteeringwheel,providesthemeansbywhichthefrontwheelsaredirectionallyturned・Thesteerin
7、gsystemmaybepowerassistedtoreducetheeffortrequiredtoturnthesteeringwheelandmakethevehicleeasiertomaneuver.Thebrakingsystemonavehiclehasthreemainfunctions.Itmustbeabletoreducethespeedofthevehicle,whennecessary;itmustbeabletostopthecarinasshortadistanceaspossible;it
8、mustbeabletoholethevehiclestationary.Thebrakingactionisachievedasaresultofthefrictiondevelopedbyforcingastationarysurface(thebrakelining)intocontactwith
