必修五课文原文与翻译.doc

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1、.专业.专注.UNIT1JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert，indeed，thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscausenoritscu

2、rewasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.T

3、hefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.JohnSnowsuspect

4、edthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854，hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods，hebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets，thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peopledi

5、edintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallynumbers16,37,38and40)．Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas2

6、0and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Hehadnotforeseenthis，sohemadefurtherinvestigations.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7Cambridge.word可编辑..专业.专注.Street.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthatthewaterwastob

7、lame.Next，JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hehad

8、shownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.InanotherpartofLondon，hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeaths