必修五课文原文及翻译.doc

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1、UNIT1JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert，indeed，thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.Soman

2、ythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipli

3、edintheair.Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidenc

4、e.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854，hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods，hebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets，thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Firsthemarkedonamapthee

5、xactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallynumbers16,37,38and40)．Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Hehadnotforeseenthis，

6、sohemadefurtherinvestigations.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.Next，JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbyth

7、edirtywaterfromLondon.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.InanotherpartofLondon，hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthat

8、werelinkedtotheBroa