资源描述:
《初中被动语态讲解和练习》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、被动语态一、概念:语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。二、主动句变为被动句的步骤:1•把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2.把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。4.其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。三、被动语态的用法:1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:is/
2、am/are+及物动词的过去分词Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Mymotherasksmetostudyhard・2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was/were+及物动词的过去分词Anewshopwasbuiltlastyea匚3.现在完成时的被动语态构成:has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries-4.一般将來时的被动语态构成:will+be+
3、及物动词的过去分词Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity・Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow・Thedoormaybelockedinside.Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow・6.现在进行时的被动语态构成:am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词7.不定式的被动语态:to+be
4、+及物动词的过去分词Therearetwobookstoberead・Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态屮不带to,但变为被动语态日寸、须加上too例:makesomebodydosomething^somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething—>somebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.—>Mywalletwasseentodropbyagi
5、rlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.—>Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss・4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。使用直接宾语(物)作主语时,要在动词后加上介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。Hegavemeabook・—Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket・—>Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike
6、・—>Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.3.一些动词短语用于被动语态吋,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecan'tlaughathim.—>Hecan'tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.—>Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.—>Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse・不用被动语态的情况1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬
7、间动词):appear,die(死亡).disappear(7肖失),end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace・女口:Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较:rise,fall,happen是不及物动词;raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Theprice