分子模拟在化工中的应用

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1、分子模拟在化工中的应用摘要：随着高技术学科的飞速进步，化工学科在多年来已形成的理论和实验研究之外，又产生了一种完全独立而新颖的研究手段——分子模拟。目前化学工业受关注的新技术涉及聚合物、电解质等复杂物质，临界、超临界等复杂状态，界面、膜、溶液等复杂现象。实现化学工业从产品到过程设计完全自动化，在这些方面除了准确的物性数据外，更要对各种复杂现象的机理有深刻了解。分子模拟被认为是实现这一目标的关键技术之一。本文以分子动力学为主，结合计算量子化学，对分子模拟在化工应用中的若干问题进行讨论。Abstract:Withthedevelopmentofhigh-technology,moleculars

2、imulation,whichisnovelbothintheoryandexperiment,hasbeenappliedinchemicalengineering.Thenewtechnologiesinchemicalindustryincludesuchcomplexmaterialsaspolymerandelectrolyte,suchcomplexconditionsascriticalandsupercritical,andsuchcomplexphenomenonasinterface,membraneandsolution.Toachievethevisionofcomp

3、letelyautomatedproductandprocessdesigninchemicalindustry,thepropertiesofthematerialsandthemechanismofthephenomenashouldbeaccuratelyobtained.Theexpectationsformolecularsimulationareveryhigh,becauseithasbeenidentifiedasoneofthekeymethodsfordeterminingthesepropertiesandphenomena.Inthispaper,thekeyprob

4、lemsofmolecularsimulationinchemicalengineeringespeciallybasedonmoleculardynamics(MD)andquantumchemistry(QC)arediscussed.TheyincludepotentialmodelofMD,scaleofMD,theconnectionofmulti-scaleMD,analysisofMDresults,constructionofareasonableinitialconfigurationandsoftware＆hardwareofMD.Severalpromisingguid

5、esareproposedtosolvetheabovekeyissues.ComputationalquantumchemistrysoftwaresuchasGaussian98couldbeutilizedtoacquirethemissinginteractionparameters.Asforpotentialmodelitisnotnecessarytousethemostcomplexonetodescribetheinteractionbetweenparticles.Sometimessimplemodelsaregoodenoughtocalculatecertainpr

6、operties.SomenewtechniquesaredevelopedtoenlargethesystemofMDatdifferentscales.Forexample,thedensityfunctionaltheory(DFT)madetheQCcalculationforhundredsOfatomspossiblewhiledissipativeparticledynamics(DPD)extendedthesystemofMDtomesoscale.ThegeneraltrendofmolecularsimulationistocombineQC,MDandmesoscal

7、edynamicsmoreclosely,andmanymulti-scaleMDmethodssuchasCar-ParrinelloMD(CPMD)woulddefinitelybecomestrongerandstronger.ItisindispensabletodefineasuitablestatisticalvariabletoanalyzethetrajectoryofMD,andthetri