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1、《英语语法》复习指导1中华考试网(ww.extimw.com)【大中小】[2010年10月9日]名词I.名词的种类:专有名词普通名词国名.地名.人名,团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数:1.规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:规则例词1—般情况在词尾力F1-Smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后力II一esclass—c
2、lasses,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives力H-sbelief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story
3、-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-0结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少夕卜來词力lbspiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆可zero-ze
4、ros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-0结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,2.不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式mcin-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mo
5、use-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,3只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)audience,class,family,crowd,couplc,group,committe
6、e,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)7表示"某国人”力口-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes
7、,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾fl勺改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen7合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservants
8、I.名词的所有格:名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加's构成,二是山介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。1.'S所有格的构成:单数名词在末尾加'stheboy'sfather,Jack"sbook,herson-in-law"sphoto,复数名词一般在末尾加'theteachers'room,thetwins'mother,不规则复数名词后加'sthechildren"stoys,women"