英语四级考试翻译部分translation

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1、一、汉译英扫雷虚拟、倒装、时态和语态考点透析1.虚拟语气1)if虚拟条件句2)wish后的虚拟语气3)表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语后的虚拟语气4)熟悉常见的能引出虚拟语气的词语以及一些特殊的虚拟语气句型非真实条件句if从句主句过去was/weredidwas/weredid与过去相反hadbeen/donewould(should/could/might)havebeen/done现在am,is,aredo,doesam,is,aredo,does与现在相反weredidwould(should/could/might)be/do将来do,

2、doeswill/shalldo与将来相反shouldbe/doweretodowould(should/could/might)be/doe.g.Ifthewholeoperationhadnotbeenplannedbeforehand，agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost．如果整个运作过程不是已经提前规划好了的话，就会损失掉大量的时间和金钱了。需要注意的是，有时候主从句所指的时间概念会有不一致的情况，比如条件句是表示对过去的假设，而主句是表示对现在事实或将来可能造成的影响。e.g.：Iflha

3、dn'tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell，youcouldn'tbesmilinglikethisnow如果你摔下来时我没有站在梯子下面接住你，你现在就不可能像现在这样笑了。Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier，Mary_____________________________(就不会被大雨淋了)Key:wouldnothavebeencaughtby/intheheavyrain2)wish后的虚拟语气wish后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，表示的是某种无法实现的愿望，说话人常

4、用它来表示对实际情况的不满、不情愿、不接受、遗憾、后悔等感情。宾语从句的谓语动词主要有三种形式：现在的愿望were/did过去的愿望had+donewould／should／could／mighthave十done表示对将来的愿望，would／should／could／might十doe.g.：IwishIwereastallasyou.Hewishedhehadn'tsaidthat.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.Ididn'tgotothepartylastnight，butIdowishIhadbeenthere。昨晚

5、我没去舞会，但是我真的很希望我去了。3)表示建议、主张、命令、请求等概念的词语后的虚拟语气这类词语由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，所以后面接的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句的谓语动词往往采用(should)+do/bedone常见的这类词语包括：动词动词相应的名词形容词：Itis+adj.+that…v.adj.n.adviseadvisableadviceagreeagreeableagreementdecidedecideddecisiondeterminedetermineddeterminationindicateindicativein

6、dicationinsistinsistentinsistencepreferpreferablepreferenceproposeproposedproposalrequirerequiredrequirementresolveresolvedresolutionstipulatestipulationv.adj.n.desiredesirabledesiredemanddemandeddemandrequestrequestedrequestrecommendrecommendablerecommendationinstructinstru

7、ctiveinstructionorderorderdirectsuggestsuggestedsuggestionpitypityshameshameadj.n.adj.appropriateimpossibleincredibleproperessentialimperativeimportantimportancenecessarynecessityobligatoryurgentvitalThelawrequiresthateveryoneshouldhavehiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.Heurgesth

8、attherestrictionsshouldbelifted.Myproposalisthatthemeetingshouldbepostponed